One or more examples relate to methods and apparatuses for measuring a voltage node. An example method may include providing, between an input of a measurement circuit and a voltage node associated with a higher voltage domain than the measurement circuit, a circuit including decoupled capacitors, the decoupled capacitors including at least a first capacitor and a second capacitor; generating, by the measurement circuit, a first digital value representing a voltage level related to a voltage level at the voltage node at least partially responsive to performing a measurement process utilizing the circuit; and generating, by a processor, a second digital value representing the voltage level at the voltage node at least partially responsive to the first digital value and a scaling factor, the scaling factor representing a pre-specified relationship between the voltage level represented by the first digital value and the voltage level at the voltage node.

A signal processing system may include a signal path and a chop management circuit. The signal path may comprise a chopper configured to chop a differential input signal to the signal path at a chopping frequency and a low-pass filter downstream of the chopper and configured to filter out intermodulation products of a direct current offset of the signal path and intermodulation products of an aggressor on the differential input signal in order to generate an output signal. The chop management circuit may be communicatively coupled to the chopper and configured to, based on operational parameters associated with the signal path, dynamically manage energy of one or more clock signals used to define the chopping frequency.

It is provided a current recording method, a current recording device and a current recording system by the embodiments of this disclosure. The current recording method comprises: acquiring a first current Fourier value, the first current Fourier value being a Fourier value acquired by Fourier transforming an instantaneous value of current at a first end of a power line; acquiring a second current Fourier value, the second current Fourier value being a Fourier value acquired by Fourier transforming an instantaneous value of current at a second end of the power line; time-alignment the first current Fourier value and the second current Fourier value, based on a first transmission delay for acquiring the first current Fourier value and a second transmission delay for acquiring the second current Fourier value; storing the aligned first current Fourier value and second current Fourier value into a storage.

Embodiments of a temperature sensing apparatus are disclosed. The apparatus may include a voltage generator and circuitry. The voltage generator may generate a first voltage level and a second voltage level dependent on an operating temperature. In response to a given change in the operating temperature, the first and second voltage levels may change, with the second voltage level changing by a different amount than the first voltage level. The voltage generator may generate a third voltage level. The circuitry may measure the first voltage level, the second voltage level, and the third voltage level, and may calculate the operating temperature dependent on a ratio of a difference between the first voltage level and the second voltage level and the third voltage level.

A method, apparatus, and energy metering system obtains mains samples of a mains power line signal, performs non-white noise (NWN) filtering of the mains power line signal, obtains adjustable clock source samples of an adjustable clock signal of an adjustable clock oscillator, determines a difference based on the mains samples and the adjustable clock source samples, adjusts an adjustable clock source frequency of the adjustable clock oscillator based on the difference, and applies the adjustable clock source frequency to an analog to digital converter (ADC) to determine a conversion rate of the ADC.

A method of determining a signal histogram having a predetermined number of bins. The method includes: receiving an input signal; decimating the input signal, thereby generating a decimated signal that includes a maximum signal value and a minimum signal value associated with the maximum signal value; assigning the maximum signal value to a maximum bin of a signal histogram; assigning the minimum signal value to a minimum bin of the signal histogram; and filling at least one intermediate bin of the signal histogram with an intermediate value, wherein the intermediate bin is located between the minimum bin and the maximum bin in the signal histogram.

This invention provides two methods for detecting mechanical or electrical faults in a solenoid valve. In the first method, a force sensor is placed in the valve in such a way as to detect changes in the impact force of the plunger against the solenoid valve body or coil housing (depending upon the direction of movement of the plunger upon application of the electric current/magnetic field). A second method is provided which makes use of an accelerometer placed in such a way as to detect changes in the response of the plunger to the application of the magnetic field.

A power distribution management apparatus (10) includes acquiring the amount of demand obtained by forecasting the amount of power to be used by load equipment of a customer, and the amount of power generation obtained by forecasting the amount of power to be generated by power generation equipment of the customer, and setting a plurality of voltage values as a plurality of candidates for a transmission voltage from a substation of a power distribution system, and calculating a voltage at a connection point of the load equipment of the customer and equipment of the power distribution system at each of the plurality of candidates by utilizing a difference between the demand amount and the power generation amount of each customer, and determining the transmission voltage of the substation from the plurality of candidates based on a result of the calculating.

The present invention discloses a comparison circuit having adaptive comparison mechanism is provided. A comparator is enabled by an enabling signal having an enabling state during a comparison stage to compare a first voltage and a second voltage to generate a comparison result. A comparison determining circuit sets a stage indication signal at an unfinished state and a finished state before and after the comparison result is generated. A time accumulating circuit starts to accumulate an accumulated time when the enabling signal is at the enabling state and stops accumulating when the stage indication signal is at the finished state to generate a comparison time. A determining circuit performs statistics on the comparison time to generate a predetermined threshold time and sets a predetermined comparison result as the comparison result under the condition that the comparison result is not generated and the accumulated time exceeds the predetermined threshold time.

A method of obtaining characteristic measurements K and α of an electrical system comprising at least two terminals, the method comprising: injecting a reference voltage at a first of the at least two terminals; measuring a voltage at a second of the at least two terminals to provide a measured voltage, the second terminal being connected to earth; measuring a ratio of amplitude between the injected reference voltage and the measured voltage to provide a K value; and measuring a phase angle difference between the injected reference voltage and the measured voltage to provide an angle value α.