The accuracy of photovoltaic simulation modeling is predicated upon the selection of a type of solar resource data appropriate to the form of simulation desired. Photovoltaic power simulation requires irradiance data. Photovoltaic energy simulation requires normalized irradiation data. Normalized irradiation is not always available, such as in photovoltaic plant installations where only point measurements of irradiance are sporadically collected or even entirely absent. Normalized irradiation can be estimated through several methodologies, including assuming that normalized irradiation simply equals irradiance, directly estimating normalized irradiation, applying linear interpolation to irradiance, applying linear interpolation to clearness index values, and empirically deriving irradiance weights. The normalized irradiation can then be used to forecast photovoltaic fleet energy production.

A method for analyzing effects of electrical perturbations on equipment in an electrical system includes processing energy-related signals from at least one intelligent electronic device in the electrical system to identify an electrical perturbation in the electrical system. An end time of the electrical perturbation may be determined, and electrical measurement data from prior to, during and/or after the end time of the electrical perturbation may be analyzed to identify and quantify the effects of the electrical perturbation on equipment in the electrical system. The effects may include, for example, equipment restarts/re-energizations due to the electrical perturbation. One or more actions may be taken or performed to reduce the effects of the electrical perturbation and extend the life of the equipment. The actions may include, for example, at least one of communicating the equipment restarts/re-energizations and controlling at least one component in the electrical system.

The accuracy of photovoltaic simulation modeling is predicated upon the selection of a type of solar resource data appropriate to the form of simulation desired. Photovoltaic power simulation requires irradiance data. Photovoltaic energy simulation requires normalized irradiation data. Normalized irradiation is not always available, such as in photovoltaic plant installations where only point measurements of irradiance are sporadically collected or even entirely absent. Normalized irradiation can be estimated through several methodologies, including assuming that normalized irradiation simply equals irradiance, directly estimating normalized irradiation, applying linear interpolation to irradiance, applying linear interpolation to clearness index values, and empirically deriving irradiance weights. The normalized irradiation can then be used to forecast photovoltaic fleet energy production.

The invention concerns a method for measuring a power (Pe, Pm) of an electric motor, that involves measuring a real current (I) of the motor, by means of a measurement sensor (11), the invention being characterised in that it involves inputting, on an interface (20), at least one piece of nominal power data (Pn), one piece of nominal speed data (Wn), one piece of nominal current data (In), one piece of nominal voltage data (Un), one piece of power factor data (cos φ) and the real current (I) of the engine, calculating, in the computer, a no-load current of the motor according to a first stored function depending on at least the data (Pn, In, Un, cos φ), calculating, in the computer, the active power (Pe) and/or the mechanical power (Pm) and/or the active energy and/or the mechanical energy according to at least one second stored function depending on at least the data (Pn, In), the real current (I) and the no-load current that has been calculated, and providing the power that has been calculated on an output interface (24).

The invention relates to a PoE system, which comprises a powered device (2) and a power sourcing device (1). The power sourcing device comprises one or more ports (12) and the powered device is connectable to a port of the power sourcing device by an electrical conductor (13) for conveying the sourced power along with data. The powered device comprises an interface for providing a measure of its energy consumption within the PoE system and, if it does not have the ability to measure its energy consumption, is adapted to negotiate with the power sourcing device whether the power sourcing device has the ability to measure the energy consumption of the powered device and to provide the measured energy consumption to the powered device for provision via the interface. This can make the PoE system more flexible and allow for a single “point of contact” for providing energy usage feedback.

A measuring device for measuring current effective power in a circuit of a transmission system, including an evaluation device and a calibration device, the evaluation device having a connection for measuring current, voltage, and phase shift between the current and the voltage in the circuit, wherein the evaluation device and the calibration device are connected to one another, the evaluation device configured to measure power by evaluating measured current and measured voltage, the calibration device configured to correct the measured current and/or the measured voltage via a cos ( ) value of a measured phase shift between the measured current and the measured voltage and/or via a holding time, the evaluation device configured to calculate a power value with a corrected value of the measured current and/or a corrected value of the measured voltage, and the calibration device configured to make available the calculated power as the current effective power.

A transformer monitoring device has one or more voltage sensors and/or one or more current sensors integral with a housing for detecting voltage and/or current of a power cable of a transformer. The transformer monitoring device can be configured to monitor voltage data, current data, voltage imbalance, phase angle, outage detection and restoration detection, and/or transformer temperature changes, etc., and cause alerts to be issued directly and/or by a remote central computing device if voltage levels drop and/or spike beyond operator-established tolerance(s), and/or if transformer temperature changes occur outside of operator-established tolerance(s), and/or if a power outage or power restoration occurs, and/or if voltage imbalance occurs, along with additional alert messaging capabilities to be provided by the transformer monitoring device where utility operator personnel would find value. The transformer monitoring device further has one or more onboard, and/or external wired and/or wireless environmental and/or transformer conditions sensor(s) and/or sensor packs, including a smoke sensor, ambient temperature sensor, external transformer temperature sensor, a fire/wildfire sensor (e.g., infrared camera, etc.), a humidity sensor, a noxious gases sensor, a nuclear radiation sensor, a seismic or vibration sensor, and/or a surface and/or ground temperature sensor (e.g., infrared camera, etc.) configured to detect smoke, and/or temperature change indicators, and/or other environmental changes in an area surrounding the transformer and/or associated with the transformer, and a processor configured to monitor the smoke sensor, temperature sensors, and/or other environmental change sensors, and/or associated transformer sensors; the processor being configured to transmit data indicative of conditions concerning the transformer and/or surrounding the transformer, and/or issue an alert or critical alert if certain smoke, temperature and/or other environmental conditions are detected surrounding the transformer and/or occurring at or near the transformer. The transformer monitoring device, when used for voltage drops and/or voltage spikes monitoring or detection indicative of broken, down, and/or faulty conductors (e.g., high-impedance faults), and/or when coupled with one or more environmental surroundings sensors (i.e., internal and/or external to the transformer monitoring device), wired and/or wirelessly coupled to the transformer monitoring device, and/or for monitoring transformer and/or intra-grid conditions, becomes a fire mitigation device. The fire mitigation device(s) is used singly or in aggregate to help detect public safety events and/or fire/wild

The invention provides an electric grid state estimation system and method based on a boundary fusion. The system includes an electric grid data acquisition module, a communication module including a local data unit and a state estimation unit, and a data fusion module, wherein the state estimation unit includes a memory storing a state estimation program and a display displaying a program running and outputting a state variable; the state estimation program is performed to realize an electric grid state estimation; the estimation method includes the following steps of dividing a regional electric grid, then establishing a measurement equation for each region, solving an internal quantity and a boundary quantity, fusing the boundary quantities of two regions, correcting the boundary quantity, performing a non-linear transformation on the intermediate variable, solving the estimated values of the state variable by the least square method, and performing outputting.

A transformer monitoring device has one or more voltage sensors and/or one or more current sensors integral with a housing for detecting a voltage of a power cable of a transformer. The transformer monitoring device further has one or more environmental sensors including a smoke sensor, ambient temperature sensor, external transformer temperature sensor, a fire sensor, or a surface and/or ground temperature sensor configured to detect smoke in an area surrounding the transformer and a processor configured to monitor the smoke sensor, the processor configured to transmit an alert if smoke is detected surrounding the transformer.

A method for analyzing effects of electrical perturbations on equipment in an electrical system includes processing energy-related signals from at least one intelligent electronic device in the electrical system to identify an electrical perturbation in the electrical system. An end time of the electrical perturbation may be determined, and electrical measurement data from prior to, during and/or after the end time of the electrical perturbation may be analyzed to identify and quantify the effects of the electrical perturbation on equipment in the electrical system. The effects may include, for example, equipment restarts/re-energizations due to the electrical perturbation. One or more actions may be taken or performed to reduce the effects of the electrical perturbation and extend the life of the equipment. The actions may include, for example, at least one of communicating the equipment restarts/re-energizations and controlling at least one component in the electrical system.