A software-defined radiometer includes dual RF front end channels. One RF front end channel processes the horizontal polarization signals and the other RF front end channel processes the vertical polarization signals. Each RF front end channel includes a power splitter for splitting the polarization signals into a plurality of identical polarization signals, a filter bank of N-bandpass filters that have the same bandwidth but different center frequencies and a multi-input switch. The bandpass filters filter the horizontal and vertical polarization signals and provide a plurality of filtered horizontal and vertical polarization signals. A control circuit issues a control signal to the multi-input switch so as to route a desired one of the plurality of filtered horizontal and vertical polarization signals to a programmable frequency converter. The programmable frequency converter includes a programmable local oscillator that is configured to generate signals having any one of N frequencies and is used to produce intermediate frequency representations of the horizontal and vertical polarization signals. The intermediate frequency representations are converted into digital signals and processed to extract desired information and data.

An improved system for measuring current within a power semiconductor module is disclosed, where the system is integrated within the power module. The system includes a point field detector sensing a magnetic field resulting from current flowing in one phase of the module. A lead frame conductor may be provided to shape the magnetic field and minimize the influence of cross-coupled magnetic fields from currents conducted in other power semiconductor devices within one phase of the module. Optionally, a second point field detector may be provided at a second location within the module to sense a magnetic field resulting from the current flowing in the same phase of the module. Each phase of the power module includes at least one point field detector. A decoupling circuit is provided to decouple multiple currents flowing within the same phase or to decouple currents flowing within different phases of the power module.

A sensor circuit includes: a resonator of which a resonant frequency and/or an antiresonant frequency changes as a mass of a sensitive part of the resonator changes; an amplifier outputting an oscillation signal having a frequency corresponding to the resonant frequency or the antiresonant frequency; a phase shift circuit changing a phase difference between a first signal and a second signal branched from the oscillation signal in accordance with a change in frequency of the oscillation signal; and a mixer outputting a signal corresponding to a change in the resonant frequency or the antiresonant frequency of the resonator by mixing the first signal and the second signal between which the phase difference has been changed by the phase shift circuit.

A method for detecting high-frequency signals, comprising: dividing a high-frequency signal into a raw signal and a reference signal; attenuating the raw signal into an attenuated signal, wherein the attenuating happens as a function of frequency of the raw signal in accordance with an attenuation characteristic; rectifying the attenuated signal, so that a first direct voltage is generated; rectifying the reference signal, so that a second direct voltage is generated; ascertaining an attenuation from the ratio of the first and second direct voltages, wherein the ratio corresponds to an attenuation factor for the attenuation of the raw signal; and determining the frequency of the high-frequency signal from the attenuation factor and an attenuation characteristic.

A method for detecting high-frequency signals, comprising: dividing a high-frequency signal into a raw signal and a reference signal; attenuating the raw signal into an attenuated signal, wherein the attenuating happens as a function of frequency of the raw signal in accordance with an attenuation characteristic; rectifying the attenuated signal, so that a first direct voltage is generated; rectifying the reference signal, so that a second direct voltage is generated; ascertaining an attenuation from the ratio of the first and second direct voltages, wherein the ratio corresponds to an attenuation factor for the attenuation of the raw signal; and determining the frequency of the high-frequency signal from the attenuation factor and an attenuation characteristic.

In various embodiments, a method for processing a Single-Edge Nibble Transmission Signal is provided. The method includes determining of at least one drop in a signal level of the time-variable Single-Edge Nibble Transmission Signal and at least one next rise in the signal level after the drop in the signal level, determining a time interval between the drop and the next rise in the signal level, and determining a quality of the Single-Edge Nibble Transmission Signal by using the time interval.

In various embodiments, a method for processing a Single-Edge Nibble Transmission Signal is provided. The method includes determining of at least one drop in a signal level of the time-variable Single-Edge Nibble Transmission Signal and at least one next rise in the signal level after the drop in the signal level, determining a time interval between the drop and the next rise in the signal level, and determining a quality of the Single-Edge Nibble Transmission Signal by using the time interval.

A, a frequency-to-voltage converter including a calculation module, a quantification module and a signal processing module is disclosed. The calculation module receives a frequency signal and calculates a rotational speed signal according to the frequency signal. The quantification module is coupled with the calculation module and receives the rotational speed signal. The quantification module quantifies the rotational speed signal according to a quantification equation and generates a digital quantified signal. The signal processing module is coupled with the quantification module, receives the digital quantified signal, and converts the digital quantified signal into a digital voltage signal. As such, the proper transition time and ripple magnitude can be endured at the same time.

A line frequency detector receives an input signal representing a power source and detects a line frequency of the power source based on the input signal. The line frequency detector includes a first band pass filter having a pass band centered at an upper end of an expected frequency range of the power source and a second band pass filter having a pass band centered at a lower end of the expected frequency range. The input signal is filtered by the first and second band pass filters, generating a first characteristic signal and a second characteristic signal. The line frequency detector determines a characteristic ratio between the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal, and maps the characteristic ratio to the line frequency of the power source.

A line frequency detector receives an input signal representing a power source and detects a line frequency of the power source based on the input signal. The line frequency detector includes a first band pass filter having a pass band centered at an upper end of an expected frequency range of the power source and a second band pass filter having a pass band centered at a lower end of the expected frequency range. The input signal is filtered by the first and second band pass filters, generating a first characteristic signal and a second characteristic signal. The line frequency detector determines a characteristic ratio between the first characteristic signal and the second characteristic signal, and maps the characteristic ratio to the line frequency of the power source.