Systems, devices, software, and methods of the present invention enable frequency-based signal power analyses in software suitable for signal with either stationary and non-stationary spectrums. The methods that may be used throughout various systems including transmitters receivers, repeater, controllers, monitors, etc. and in software simulators to enable various signal power calculations and analyses, such as frequency spectrum analysis, throughout operating systems and that may be consistently applied in system design and operation simulations.

A band pass filter including a microstrip transmission line comprises: a substrate having a grounding surface formed on a rear surface thereof; an input port which is formed on an upper surface of the substrate and receives a transmission signal; an output port which is formed on the upper surface of the substrate and outputs a filtered transmission signal; and a plurality of signal transmission lines spaced at predetermined distance from one another in parallel, each of the plurality of signal transmission lines having one end connected to and in contact with the input port, and having the other end connected to and in contact with the output port.

A band pass filter including a microstrip transmission line comprises: a substrate having a grounding surface formed on a rear surface thereof; an input port which is formed on an upper surface of the substrate and receives a transmission signal; an output port which is formed on the upper surface of the substrate and outputs a filtered transmission signal; and a plurality of signal transmission lines spaced at predetermined distance from one another in parallel, each of the plurality of signal transmission lines having one end connected to and in contact with the input port, and having the other end connected to and in contact with the output port.

A spectrum analyzer for measuring an electrical response of a device under test (DUT) includes a test port for receiving radio frequency (RF) signals from the DUT in response to a test signal transmitted to the DUT, a local oscillator (LO) for generating a LO signal, a sampler connected with the LO to receive the LO signal and a receiver connected with the sampler. The sampler includes a non-linear transmission line that generates a sampler signal having a frequency that is a multiple of a frequency of the LO signal, and an input for receiving a RF signal from the test port. When a RF signal from an RF input source is received the sampler outputs an intermediate frequency (IF) signal. The receiver receives the IF signal output of the sampler.

A method, a system, and a computer program for executing high resolution spectrum monitoring. A sensor receives an input signal having a varying frequency content over time. One or more samples of the received input signal are sampled. The samples of the received input signal include one or more swept signal samples generated by sweeping, using a center frequency of the sensor, the received input signal across an entire frequency spectrum associated with the received input signal. Sampling of the samples of the received signal is performed while performing the sweeping. The signal samples are processed.

A method, a system, and a computer program for executing high resolution spectrum monitoring. A sensor receives an input signal having a varying frequency content over time. One or more samples of the received input signal are sampled. The samples of the received input signal include one or more swept signal samples generated by sweeping, using a center frequency of the sensor, the received input signal across an entire frequency spectrum associated with the received input signal. Sampling of the samples of the received signal is performed while performing the sweeping. The signal samples are processed.

A device and method for detecting the number of revolutions of a sensorless electric park brake (EPB) motor. The device for detecting the number of revolutions of a sensorless motor includes: an actuator driving motor used to set and release a parking brake of an EPB system; an electronic control module for controlling the motor, a vehicle battery for supplying power to the motor and the electronic control module; and a main processing unit for receiving an output signal of the electronic control module and estimating the number of revolutions of the motor, wherein the electronic control module further includes a ripple measuring unit for receiving an output signal of the motor and measuring a ripple of the motor.

A device and method for detecting the number of revolutions of a sensorless electric park brake (EPB) motor. The device for detecting the number of revolutions of a sensorless motor includes: an actuator driving motor used to set and release a parking brake of an EPB system; an electronic control module for controlling the motor, a vehicle battery for supplying power to the motor and the electronic control module; and a main processing unit for receiving an output signal of the electronic control module and estimating the number of revolutions of the motor, wherein the electronic control module further includes a ripple measuring unit for receiving an output signal of the motor and measuring a ripple of the motor.

Observation of random, non-repetitive phenomena is of critical importance in astronomy, spectroscopy, biology and remote sensing. Heralded by weak signals, hidden in noise, they pose basic detection challenges. In contrast to repetitive waveforms, a single-instance signal cannot be separated from noise by averaging. The present invention demonstrates that a fast, randomly occurring event can be detected and extracted from a noisy background without conventional averaging. An isolated 80-ps pulse was received with confidence level exceeding 99%, even when accompanied by noise. The detector employed in the present invention relies on instantaneous spectral cloning and a single-step, coherent field processor. The ability to extract fast, sub-noise events is expected to increase detection sensitivity in multiple disciplines. Additionally, the new spectral-cloning receiver can potentially intercept communication signals that are presently considered secure.

Observation of random, non-repetitive phenomena is of critical importance in astronomy, spectroscopy, biology and remote sensing. Heralded by weak signals, hidden in noise, they pose basic detection challenges. In contrast to repetitive waveforms, a single-instance signal cannot be separated from noise by averaging. The present invention demonstrates that a fast, randomly occurring event can be detected and extracted from a noisy background without conventional averaging. An isolated 80-ps pulse was received with confidence level exceeding 99%, even when accompanied by noise. The detector employed in the present invention relies on instantaneous spectral cloning and a single-step, coherent field processor. The ability to extract fast, sub-noise events is expected to increase detection sensitivity in multiple disciplines. Additionally, the new spectral-cloning receiver can potentially intercept communication signals that are presently considered secure.