A system for passive microwave remote sensing using at least one microwave radiometer includes a fixed body portion, the fixed body portion being configured to attach to a mobile platform, and a mobile body portion, the mobile body portion being configured for rotatably coupling with the fixed body portion for rotation about a rotation axis. The mobile body portion is configured for supporting the at least one microwave radiometer therein such that the at least one microwave radiometer rotates about the rotation axis when the mobile body portion is rotated about the rotation axis such that a polarization axis of the at least one radiometer is aligned with an earth axis. The fixed body portion includes a motor mechanism for effecting rotation of the mobile body portion such that the at least one microwave radiometer provides a vertical scanning below and above the mobile platform.

Non-contact type measuring apparatus able to detect a difference in signal intensity by transmitting a radio frequency (RF) signal having a predetermined frequency through one of two coil antennas and receiving an induced RF current signal transmitted via a medium through the other coil antennas and detect conductivity and a variation in characteristic of a non-conductor by comparing the signal intensity with a signal intensity comparison table for each frequency, which is stored in a controller by measuring a signal intensity for each frequency in advance, on the basis of the signal intensity for each frequency. The non-contact type measuring apparatus can accurately measure not only various elements using a characteristic in which conductivity is varied according to total dissolved solid, temperature, and an amount of a conductive medium and permittivity change characteristic of a non-conductor, but also conductivity and variation in characteristic of the non-conductor.

Articles and methods of detecting an impact on an article using a resistor containing core shell liquid metal encapsulates are disclosed. Such core shell liquid metal encapsulates enable simple but robust impact sensors as such encapsulates comprise a highly electrically resistant metal oxide shell that prevents such encapsulates from coalescing. Yet when such shell is ruptured, the highly conductive bulk liquid metal is released. Such liquid metal changes electrical properties of a sensor comprising core shell liquid metal encapsulates which in turn is evidence of the aforementioned impact.

Articles and methods of detecting an impact on an article using a resistor containing core shell liquid metal encapsulates are disclosed. Such core shell liquid metal encapsulates enable simple but robust impact sensors as such encapsulates comprise a highly electrically resistant metal oxide shell that prevents such encapsulates from coalescing. Yet when such shell is ruptured, the highly conductive bulk liquid metal is released. Such liquid metal changes electrical properties of a sensor comprising core shell liquid metal encapsulates which in turn is evidence of the aforementioned impact.

The resistance detection sensor is configured to detect the electrical resistance value of a liquid. This resistance detection sensor includes a pair of electrodes, a DC voltage application unit, an AC voltage application unit, and a control unit. The pair of electrodes are immersed in a liquid. The DC voltage application unit applies a DC voltage having a first polarity between the pair of electrodes. The AC voltage application unit applies an AC voltage between the pair of electrodes. The control unit calculates the electrical resistance value of the liquid, in a state where the DC voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes by the DC voltage application unit. The control unit controls the AC voltage application unit so as to apply an AC voltage starting from a second polarity opposite to the first polarity at a predetermined time interval between the pair of electrodes. The time period for which the AC voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes by the AC voltage application unit is not an integer multiple of the cycle of the AC voltage applied between the pair of electrodes.

The resistance detection sensor is configured to detect the electrical resistance value of a liquid. This resistance detection sensor includes a pair of electrodes, a DC voltage application unit, an AC voltage application unit, and a control unit. The pair of electrodes are immersed in a liquid. The DC voltage application unit applies a DC voltage having a first polarity between the pair of electrodes. The AC voltage application unit applies an AC voltage between the pair of electrodes. The control unit calculates the electrical resistance value of the liquid, in a state where the DC voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes by the DC voltage application unit. The control unit controls the AC voltage application unit so as to apply an AC voltage starting from a second polarity opposite to the first polarity at a predetermined time interval between the pair of electrodes. The time period for which the AC voltage is applied between the pair of electrodes by the AC voltage application unit is not an integer multiple of the cycle of the AC voltage applied between the pair of electrodes.

A method of measuring hematocrit is provided. The method for measuring hematocrit includes the following steps. A test strip is provided. The test strip includes a reaction region and a pair of electrodes disposed in the reaction region. A whole blood sample is entered to the reaction region. After the whole blood sample enters the reaction region, a plurality of sets of square wave voltages are intermittently applied to the pair of electrodes based on a square wave voltammetry method to obtain a plurality of feedbacks related to hematocrit. An interval between two adjacent sets of square wave voltages ranges from 0.1 seconds to 4 seconds. A feedback of an n-th set of square wave voltages is obtained to calculate a hematocrit value of the whole blood sample and n is a positive integer greater than 1. A hematocrit value is calculated according to the feedback.

A method of measuring hematocrit is provided. The method for measuring hematocrit includes the following steps. A test strip is provided. The test strip includes a reaction region and a pair of electrodes disposed in the reaction region. A whole blood sample is entered to the reaction region. After the whole blood sample enters the reaction region, a plurality of sets of square wave voltages are intermittently applied to the pair of electrodes based on a square wave voltammetry method to obtain a plurality of feedbacks related to hematocrit. An interval between two adjacent sets of square wave voltages ranges from 0.1 seconds to 4 seconds. A feedback of an n-th set of square wave voltages is obtained to calculate a hematocrit value of the whole blood sample and n is a positive integer greater than 1. A hematocrit value is calculated according to the feedback.

A system for measuring electrical conductivity includes a fluid conduction measuring circuit and a temperature measuring element having at least one thermal contact portion with a temperature sensor and a temperature measuring circuit. A controller is configured to control the conduction measuring circuit and the temperature measuring element. A fluid circuit is configured to carry a fluid and has a wetted conductor inside a conductivity cell portion, the wetted conductor having a contact, external to the fluid circuit, for interfacing with the fluid conduction measuring circuit. Further, at least one temperature measurement portion has predefined thermal properties and is configured to touch the thermal contact portion. The controller controls the temperature measuring element and the conduction measuring circuit to generate and output at least one set of contemporaneous temperature and conduction measurements.

A detection system and a detection method for water content and conductivity are provided. The detection system includes a double-sided microstrip circuit and a detection circuit; the double-sided microstrip circuit includes a shielding ground layer; a measurement side circuit and a reference side circuit are respectively arranged at two sides of the shielding ground layer and both include an insulating layer and a wire; the detection circuit includes a signal generator connected to a microprocessor and a power divider; two output ends and a ground end of the power divider are respectively electrically connected to first ends of a reference wire, a measurement wire, and the shielding ground layer; a second end of the reference wire is connected to an amplitude and phase discriminator through a phase shifter; second ends of the measurement wire and the shielding ground layer are directly connected to the amplitude and phase discriminator.