A combiner lens system includes a lens and a lightguide in stack with the lens. The lightguide carries one or more electrically conductive traces. A detector circuit is electrically coupled to the one or more electrically conductive traces to form an electrical circuit. The detector circuit monitors the electrical circuit for an open circuit or a short circuit and generates an output signal that is indicative of a state of the electrical circuit.

A combiner lens system includes a lens and a lightguide in stack with the lens. The lightguide carries one or more electrically conductive traces. A detector circuit is electrically coupled to the one or more electrically conductive traces to form an electrical circuit. The detector circuit monitors the electrical circuit for an open circuit or a short circuit and generates an output signal that is indicative of a state of the electrical circuit.

Sensors are configured to capture measurement data representing dissolved oxygen (DO) measurements of an environment and capacitance measurements of a medium of the environment. A memory includes computer-executable instructions. One or more processors are communicatively coupled to the one or more sensors and configured to execute the computer-executable instructions to carry out operations comprising: generating, using first measurement data captured by the one or more sensors, a model based on a relationship between the first set of DO measurements and the first set of capacitance measurements; receiving, from the one or more sensors, second measurement data; predicting, using the model and based on the new capacitance measurement, an expected DO measurement; determining whether to use the expected DO measurement or the new DO measurement; and controlling, a valve to cause the determined oxygen input amount to flow into the environment based on the expected DO measurement.

A human body detecting sensor system includes a first electrode, a second electrode, a drive circuit, a detection circuit, and a comparison circuit. The second electrode is connected to the first electrode via a capacitor. The drive circuit generates a first signal having a prescribed frequency for driving the first electrode. The detection circuit detects a second signal generated at the second electrode in response to the first signal being supplied to the first electrode. The comparison circuit compares the first signal with the second signal. The comparison circuit detects a touch and/or an approach of an object, which has an impedance in a certain range corresponding to a human body, with respect to at least one of the first and second electrodes when a phase difference between the first signal and the second signal is within a prescribed range.

A multi-core cable testing device is configured to specify a correspondence between ends of an insulated wire at both ends of a multi-core cable including insulated wires. The device includes a signal input unit for inputting a test signal by capacitive coupling into one end of the insulated wire as a testing object at one end of the multi-core cable, a signal output unit for outputting the test signal by capacitive coupling from each end of the insulated wires at the other end of the multicore cable, a correspondence specifying unit for measuring a voltage of the test signal from the signal output unit and for specifying an other side end of the insulated wire based on a measured voltage. At least one of the signal input unit and the signal output unit includes a signal transmission cable for transmitting the test signal and a substrate configured to be connected to the signal transmission cable. The substrate includes a first electrode to be connected to a signal conductor of the signal transmission cable on one main surface of the substrate, and a second electrode to be capacitively coupled to an end of the insulated wire on the other main surface. A transmission path for transmitting the test signal between the first electrode and the second electrode is provided within the substrate, and a shielding layer is provided at the substrate.

A capacitive sensor includes a first electrode structure; a second electrode structure that is counter to the first electrode structure, wherein the second electrode structure is movable relative to the first electrode structure and is capacitively coupled to the first electrode structure to form a capacitor having a capacitance that changes with a change in a distance between the first electrode structure and second electrode structure; a signal generator configured to apply an electrical signal at an input or at an output of the capacitor to induce a voltage transient response at the output of capacitor; and a diagnostic circuit configured to detect a fault in the capacitive sensor by measuring a time constant of the first voltage transient response and detecting the fault based on the time constant and based on whether the first electrical signal is the pull-in signal or the non-pull-in signal.

An apparatus and a method for measuring an insulation resistance of a vehicle provided with a high voltage system including a battery and a plurality of high voltage electrical components operated by receiving power stored in the battery, includes a controller configured to determine a stray capacitance based on the high voltage electrical components electrically connected to the battery and to determine a measurement period for measuring the insulation resistance of the vehicle based on the determined stray capacitance.

A switching arrangement of an inverter with a filter circuit and a grid relay. For the filter circuit use is made of an equivalent circuit consisting of effective filter inductance, from filter inductance and topology of the filter circuit and effective filter capacitance, from the filter capacitance and topology of the filter circuit. The effective filter inductance and the effective filter capacitance are system parameters. To determine system parameters, a voltage pulse is applied between a first conductor output and a second conductor output when the grid relay is open; the first conductor output and the second conductor output are connected via the switching arrangement to form a closed oscillating circuit a current value of the effective filter inductance and the effective filter capacitance is determined from a current curve and/or voltage curve in the resonant circuit as system parameters for controlling the switching arrangement.

A device for capacitive detection of an object with respect to a detection surface, including: at least one capacitive detection electrode, and detection electronics including at least one item of measurement electronic equipment, for: polarizing the at least one detection electrode at an alternating excitation potential (VG), different from a ground potential; measuring a measurement signal relative to an electrode-object capacitance; and the detection electronics also includes, for the measurement electronics, at least two separate calculation modules, operating in parallel, and supplying two independent detection signals for one and the same measurement signal originating from the measurement electronics.

A fast calibration method for slide-screw impedance tuners employs a new tuner control board and routine with independent direct triggering and data sampling by the VNA; a new vertical scaling algorithm bypasses the traditional iterative approach and uses numerical curve-fitting and ISO circle definition. Full tuner calibration executes without motor stopping, yielding time reduction typically by a factor of 8.