Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for three-dimensional (3D) displaying objects are provided. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining data including respective primitive data for primitives corresponding to an object, determining an electromagnetic (EM) field contribution to each element of a display for each of the primitives by calculating an EM field propagation from the primitive to the element, generating a sum of the EM field contributions from the primitives for each of the elements, transmitting to each of the elements a respective control signal for modulating at least one property of the element based on the sum of the EM field contributions, and transmitting a timing control signal to an illuminator to activate the illuminator to illuminate light on the display, such that the light is caused by the modulated elements of the display to form a volumetric light field corresponding to the object.

In a general aspect, a radio frequency (RF) measurement device includes first and second mode converters, each configured to convert a mode of the RF electromagnetic wave between a first RF waveguide mode and a second RF waveguide mode. The RF measurement device also includes an internal cavity between the first and second mode converters that contains a vapor or a source of the vapor. The vapor includes Ryberg atoms or molecules. The RF measurement device additionally includes an RF waveguide extending between the first and second mode converters and configured to establish a circular polarization of the RF electromagnetic wave in the internal cavity.

According to one implementation, an aviation system 100 includes electric field sensors 112 and a ground system 114 including a computer configured to communicate with each of the electric field sensors 112. The computer is configured to: acquire electric field intensities from the electric field sensors 112 respectively, and generate a first electric field distribution on a ground surface 16 based on the electric field intensities; derive a matrix; derive a pseudo inverse matrix of the matrix; derive an electric charge distribution on the horizontal plane by multiplying the pseudo inverse matrix by the first electric field distribution on the ground surface 16; and derive a second electric field distribution on a flight path based on the electric charge distribution. The first electric field distribution on the ground surface 16 is derived by multiplying the matrix by electric charges temporarily set on a horizontal plane at a predetermined altitude.

An electric field gradient sensor is presented, having a sensor body having an outer surface; and a plurality of electrodes distributed over the outer surface, each electrode having an electrode surface facing outward from the surface. The plurality of electrodes are arranged forming a plurality of electrode pairs, each electrode pair formed by a first electrode and a second electrode located on opposite sides of the sensor body. This sensor enables three-dimensional measurements of the electric field gradient along structures located in an electrically conductive medium, such as subsea structures, for example for monitoring the cathodic protection of such structure.

A method of detecting spins in a sample, includes exciting the spins of the sample by means of a radio-frequency or microwave electromagnetic pulse for flipping the spins, and detecting a noise signal produced by the return of the spins to equilibrium by means of a device for counting radio-frequency or microwave photons.

A method for processing anisotropic magnetized plasma medium and a system thereof are provided. The method includes obtaining the Maxwell equation and the polarization current density equation based on the electromagnetic characteristics of anisotropic magnetized plasma; processing the Maxwell equation and the polarization current density equation to obtain the electric field intensity, the magnetic field intensity, and the polarization current density after processed; based on the electric field intensity, the magnetic field intensity, and the polarization current density after processed, numerical iterative equations for electric field intensity, magnetic field intensity, and polarization current density in anisotropic magnetized plasma medium are obtained; a numerical modeling simulation electromagnetic model is used to determine the electromagnetic characteristics of the electromagnetic model. The use of the present disclosure to simulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic magnetized plasma medium has higher numerical calculation accuracy.

A fault detection device for a superconducting electrodynamic maglev track includes a frame system and a detection system. The frame system is provided between two sidewall discrete figure-8-shaped coil tracks, and is provided with a signal processing device. The detection system is provided on each side of the frame system, and includes a lifting device and a clamping device. The lifting device is configured to adjust a vertical height of the clamping device. The clamping device is provided at an outer side of the lifting device, and is provided with a first connection portion and a second connection portion, which are respectively connected to a permanent magnet array and a receiving coil. The second connection portion is provided at periphery of the first connection portion. The receiving coil is electrically connected to the signal processing device. A fault detection method is further provided.

The invention relates to a method and a system for determining test signals for electromagnetic susceptibility, EMS, testing of a device-under-test, DUT. The method comprises the steps of: receiving at least one DUT parameter which defines a property of the DUT; receiving at least one environmental parameter which defines an electromagnetic environment, EME, in which the DUT is to be used; receiving information on an EM emission behavior, in particular an emission spectrum, of the DUT; and inputting the at least one DUT parameter, the at least one environmental parameter and the information on the EM emission behavior to a machine learning, ML, or artificial intelligence, AI, model. The ML or AI model is configured to determine one or more test signals for EMS testing of the DUT based on the at least one DUT parameter, the at least one environmental parameter and the information on the EM emission behavior.

Methods, apparatus, devices, and systems for three-dimensional (3D) displaying objects are provided. In one aspect, a method includes obtaining data including respective primitive data for primitives corresponding to an object, determining an electromagnetic (EM) field contribution to each element of a display for each of the primitives by calculating an EM field propagation from the primitive to the element, generating a sum of the EM field contributions from the primitives for each of the elements, transmitting to each of the elements a respective control signal for modulating at least one property of the element based on the sum of the EM field contributions, and transmitting a timing control signal to an illuminator to activate the illuminator to illuminate light on the display, such that the light is caused by the modulated elements of the display to form a volumetric light field corresponding to the object.

A fault detection device for a superconducting electrodynamic maglev track includes a frame system and a detection system. The frame system is provided between two sidewall discrete figure-8-shaped coil tracks, and is provided with a signal processing device. The detection system is provided on each side of the frame system, and includes a lifting device and a clamping device. The lifting device is configured to adjust a vertical height of the clamping device. The clamping device is provided at an outer side of the lifting device, and is provided with a first connection portion and a second connection portion, which are respectively connected to a permanent magnet array and a receiving coil. The second connection portion is provided at periphery of the first connection portion. The receiving coil is electrically connected to the signal processing device. A fault detection method is further provided.