A measurement system is provided. The measurement system comprises a device under test comprising at least two signal paths, at least two measurement antennas being spatially separated in the near-field of the device under test, and a signal analysis unit. Whereas each of the at least two signal paths of the device under test comprises an antenna and a power amplifier, noise of the power amplifiers of the at least two signal paths of the device under test is not phase-coherent. In this context, the signal analysis unit is configured to perform at least two time-coherent measurements with the aid of the at least two measurement antennas with respect to the device under test in near-field. In addition to this, the signal analysis unit is further configured to calculate at least one signal characteristic, especially error vector magnitude and/or signal-to-noise ratio, in far-field on the basis of the at least two time-coherent measurements in the near-field.

Antenna characterization systems and methods are described for hardware-timed testing of integrated circuits (IC) with integrated antennas configured for over-the-air transmission and/or reception. An IC to be tested (e.g., the device under test (DUT)) may be mounted to an adjustable positioner in an anechoic chamber. Radio frequency (RF) characteristics (e.g., including transmission characteristics, reception characteristics, and/or beamforming characteristics) of the IC may be tested over-the-air using an array of antennas or probes within the anechoic chamber while continually transitioning the adjustable positioner through a plurality of orientations. Counters and reference trigger intelligence may be employed to correlate measurement results with orientations of the DUT.

In a general aspect, a vapor cell is presented that includes a dielectric body. The dielectric body includes a surface that defines an opening to a cavity in the dielectric body and a plurality of holes between the cavity and a side of the dielectric body. The vapor cell also includes a vapor or a source of the vapor in the cavity of the dielectric body. An optical window covers the opening of the cavity and has a surface bonded to the surface of the dielectric body to form a seal around the opening. Methods of manufacturing vapor cells are also presented.

Antenna characterization systems and methods are described for hardware-timed testing of integrated circuits (IC) with integrated antennas configured for over-the-air transmission and/or reception. An IC to be tested (e.g., the device under test (DUT)) may be mounted to an adjustable positioner in an anechoic chamber. Radio frequency (RF) characteristics (e.g., including transmission characteristics, reception characteristics, and/or beamforming characteristics) of the IC may be tested over-the-air using an array of antennas or probes within the anechoic chamber while continually transitioning the adjustable positioner through a plurality of orientations. Counters and reference trigger intelligence may be employed to correlate measurement results with orientations of the DUT.

A measurement system is provided. The measurement system comprises a device under test, at least two measurement antennas, and a reflector. In this context, the reflector comprises at least two separate curved surfaces in the same physical entity in order to generate separate plane waves corresponding to the at least two measurement antennas. The reflector is configured in such a manner that the separate plane waves converge in a quiet-zone comprising the device under test.

A device provides an electromagnetically active area where the presence of a newly discovered field can manifest its characteristic behavior. This detection area is comprised of electrochemical batteries, rarified inert gases and materials combined so as to be responsive to electromagnetic field changes with remote data transmission for collection. The device creates an inertial reaction effect from the field by creating a high inertial mass. When the inertia of the core is at a high level, the device can also provide a progressive rotation and other physical changes in the device's location in space. Observation of the electro-magnetically active detection area, which surrounds the core as a spherical surface, will reveal the newly observed Machian phenomenon. The observation will occur with a frequency equal or greater than the actual surface area where the detection material is active.

To model a phased array antenna having a target array of antenna elements, a small array of antenna elements is selected that has fewer antenna elements than the target array. For each antenna element of the small array of antenna elements, far field patterns are captured for a plurality of signal frequencies. S-parameters for the small array of antenna elements are captured for the plurality of signal frequencies. The far field patterns captured for the antenna elements of the small array are mapped to antenna elements of the target array of antenna elements. The S-parameters captured for the small array are mapped to the target array.

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) test systems include a FET-based pulse generator using pairs of back-to-back FETs coupled to produce an ESD pulse based on discharging a capacitor that is coupled in series with a device under test (DUT). A number of FETs can be selected based on an intended ESD test voltage magnitude.

The temperature test apparatus includes an OTA chamber 50 as an anechoic box, a heat insulating housing that is accommodated in the OTA chamber, a temperature control device that controls a temperature in the heat insulating housing, a ventilation block 210 that is made of metal and provided to block an opening 502 formed in the OTA chamber, and in which a plurality of through-holes 214 are formed, a first cover 220 that is provided on an outer side of the OTA chamber to cover the ventilation block, and form a first space 225 with the ventilation block, and is joined to a pipe for air from the temperature control device, and a second cover 250 that is provided on an inner side of the OTA chamber to cover the ventilation block, and form a second space 255 communicating with the heat insulating housing, together with the ventilation block.

A measurement system is provided. The measurement system comprises a device under test, at least two measurement antennas, and a reflector. In this context, the reflector comprises at least two separate curved surfaces in the same physical entity in order to generate separate plane waves corresponding to the at least two measurement antennas. The reflector is configured in such a manner that the separate plane waves converge in a quiet-zone comprising the device under test.