A jig pressing-type pressing short-circuiting inspection method includes the steps of: pre-aging battery cells, each of which is manufactured by inserting an electrode assembly in a battery container, injecting an electrolyte into the battery container, and sealing the battery container. The method includes inserting the plurality of battery cells in an active jig; pressing the active jig; and inspecting electric current of the battery cells. The inspection method permits detection of a low-voltage defect of a battery cell in a pre-aging state, which shows a high voltage regulation per capacity, thus greatly reducing the inspection time, and enabling simultaneous inspection of a plurality of battery cells. In addition, a micro-defect occurring in a stack-folding type battery cell can be accurately detected, which is difficult to be detected by the conventional inspection method.

An apparatus for providing an accurate estimate of remaining runtime of a battery is described. The apparatus comprises a fuel gauge and processing circuitry coupled to the fuel gauge. The processing circuitry can receive an indicator of remaining battery capacity from the fuel gauge. The processing circuitry can calculate remaining battery energy based on the remaining battery capacity and further based on an amount of power expected to be used by a battery load during an expected alarm time. The processing circuitry can calculate remaining runtime based on the remaining battery energy. A method and system are also described.

An apparatus for providing an accurate estimate of remaining runtime of a battery is described. The apparatus comprises a fuel gauge and processing circuitry coupled to the fuel gauge. The processing circuitry can receive an indicator of remaining battery capacity from the fuel gauge. The processing circuitry can calculate remaining battery energy based on the remaining battery capacity and further based on an amount of power expected to be used by a battery load during an expected alarm time. The processing circuitry can calculate remaining runtime based on the remaining battery energy. A method and system are also described.

A reference electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell of a secondary lithium ion battery and methods of manufacturing the same. The reference electrode assembly includes a porous membrane having a major surface and a porous reference structure deposited on the major surface of the porous membrane. The porous reference structure includes a porous carbon layer and a porous reference electrode layer that at least partially overlaps the porous carbon layer on the major surface of the porous membrane.

A reference electrode assembly for an electrochemical cell of a secondary lithium ion battery and methods of manufacturing the same. The reference electrode assembly includes a porous membrane having a major surface and a porous reference structure deposited on the major surface of the porous membrane. The porous reference structure includes a porous carbon layer and a porous reference electrode layer that at least partially overlaps the porous carbon layer on the major surface of the porous membrane.

A cell-monitoring connector is configured to be detachably mounted to a fuel cell. A housing configured such that a portion thereof is insertable into a receiving space. A pair of lever operators is configured to be movable by a first external pressure in a third direction that intersects the first direction and the second direction. A number of levers are coupled to the pair of lever operators inside the housing. The levers include latching protrusions configured to operate in connection with movement of the lever operators. The latching protrusions are movable between a first position at which the latching protrusions protrude in the third direction from an outer surface of the housing and a second position at which the latching protrusions do not protrude from the outer surface of the housing.

An electrochemical cell for testing a battery, wherein the electrochemical cell includes two electrodes, preferentially made of vitreous carbon, intended to be in electrical contact with the battery to be tested.

An electrochemical cell for testing a battery, wherein the electrochemical cell includes two electrodes, preferentially made of vitreous carbon, intended to be in electrical contact with the battery to be tested.

A battery management apparatus for monitoring a state of a bus bar installed to an input and output terminal of a battery pack. A failure of the bus bar installed to the input and output terminal of the battery pack may be suitably diagnosed.

A battery management apparatus for monitoring a state of a bus bar installed to an input and output terminal of a battery pack. A failure of the bus bar installed to the input and output terminal of the battery pack may be suitably diagnosed.