Disclosed herein is a method of: providing a circuit having: a rechargeable pouch cell battery comprising lithium and an electrically insulating coating, a first electrical lead in contact with the coating at a first location on the battery, a second electrical lead in contact with the coating at a second location on the battery, a tuning capacitor in parallel to the battery, and an impedance matching capacitor in series with the battery and the tuning capacitor; placing the battery in a magnetic field; applying a radio frequency voltage to the circuit; and detecting a .sup.7Li nuclear magnetic resonance signal in response to the voltage.

Disclosed herein is a method of: providing a circuit having: a rechargeable pouch cell battery comprising lithium and an electrically insulating coating, a first electrical lead in contact with the coating at a first location on the battery, a second electrical lead in contact with the coating at a second location on the battery, a tuning capacitor in parallel to the battery, and an impedance matching capacitor in series with the battery and the tuning capacitor; placing the battery in a magnetic field; applying a radio frequency voltage to the circuit; and detecting a .sup.7Li nuclear magnetic resonance signal in response to the voltage.

The present invention discloses an external battery short-circuit testing device, configured to perform short-circuit test on a battery pack under test. The external battery short-circuit testing device comprises a plurality of fuses; a Hall current transducer, coupled to the plurality of fuses; a current meter, coupled to the Hall current transducer and the battery pack under test; a voltmeter, coupled to the battery pack under test; a variable resistor, coupled to the Hall current transducer; an electromagnetic switch, coupled to the variable resistor and the battery pack under test; and an operation unit, comprising a voltage measurement unit, a current measurement unit, a temperature measurement unit and a switch control unit.

The present invention discloses an external battery short-circuit testing device, configured to perform short-circuit test on a battery pack under test. The external battery short-circuit testing device comprises a plurality of fuses; a Hall current transducer, coupled to the plurality of fuses; a current meter, coupled to the Hall current transducer and the battery pack under test; a voltmeter, coupled to the battery pack under test; a variable resistor, coupled to the Hall current transducer; an electromagnetic switch, coupled to the variable resistor and the battery pack under test; and an operation unit, comprising a voltage measurement unit, a current measurement unit, a temperature measurement unit and a switch control unit.

A prismatic Zn—AgO secondary twin cell battery includes: an outer cell case of prismatic shape, wherein the outer cell case has bottom surface and a top surface with a cell case cover, an electrode assembly housed inside the outer cell case. The electrode assembly is formed by stacking a positive electrode plate and a negative electrode plate covered with a separator. The cell case cover is provided on the top/upper surface with a positive electrode terminal and a negative electrode terminal which seals the battery twin cell and an internal cell wall interposed in between the positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate. The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are coupled internally by crimping and potted to avoid inter cell leakage.

Systems and methods for managing dispatch of an energy storage system through use of projected outcomes. The projected outcomes are generated based on a model that includes a set of defined operating states. The operating states represent a particularized energy-market allocation approach. An outcome is projected for each operating state. An optimal outcome is selected from the set of projected outcomes.

Systems and methods for managing dispatch of an energy storage system through use of projected outcomes. The projected outcomes are generated based on a model that includes a set of defined operating states. The operating states represent a particularized energy-market allocation approach. An outcome is projected for each operating state. An optimal outcome is selected from the set of projected outcomes.

A method for calibrating a plurality of current sensors connected in series. The method include determining a temperature difference between the current sensors; sensing temperature values and current values of the respective current sensors at different temperatures and currents; calculating averaged current values of two current sensors based on the current measured values sensed by the respective current sensors; calculating a current regression area for the respective current sensors through measurement points that are dependent on the temperature of the respective current sensors and the deviation of the current values sensed by the respective current sensors relative to one another; and calculating a TCR regression curve or a TCR regression area for the respective current sensors based on a deviation and an intersection curve of the respective current regression areas relative to one another and/or relative to an averaged current regression area and a temperature difference between the current sensors.

A method for calibrating a plurality of current sensors connected in series. The method include determining a temperature difference between the current sensors; sensing temperature values and current values of the respective current sensors at different temperatures and currents; calculating averaged current values of two current sensors based on the current measured values sensed by the respective current sensors; calculating a current regression area for the respective current sensors through measurement points that are dependent on the temperature of the respective current sensors and the deviation of the current values sensed by the respective current sensors relative to one another; and calculating a TCR regression curve or a TCR regression area for the respective current sensors based on a deviation and an intersection curve of the respective current regression areas relative to one another and/or relative to an averaged current regression area and a temperature difference between the current sensors.

A current detection circuit to detect an electric current of the battery pack includes an insulating substrate, a first busbar and a second busbar disposed on a first surface of the insulating substrate, a shunt resistor disposed between the first busbar and the second busbar on the first surface, and electrically connected to the first busbar and the second busbar, and a hall effect sensor disposed on a second surface of the insulating substrate, wherein the second surface is opposite the first surface.