Systems and methods for battery testing including a holder system. The holder system is designed to couple one or more transducers to a battery under test, wherein the one or more transducers are configured for electrochemical-acoustic signal interrogation (EASI) of the battery. The holder system includes at least one arm to house at least one transducer to be coupled to the battery, and a pressure applying device to apply pressure to the at least one transducer, and to control pressure between the at least one transducer and the battery. The holder system is also configured to determine the pressure between the at least one transducer and the battery and adjust the pressure applied to the at least one transducer based on the determined pressure.

An optical fiber sensing apparatus, system, and method capable of in operando and/or in situ monitoring a state of charge (SOC) of an energy storage device such as a capacitor or a battery is provided. The apparatus comprises an optical fiber having a surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-stimulating structure, exemplarily including a tilted grating in a core, and a SPR-active layer coating a cladding, of the optical fiber. The apparatus is configured such that when arranged in a close proximity with an electrode of the energy storage device, SPR waves are stimulated upon receiving an actuating light. Through analysis of signals of the SPR waves, the SOC of the energy storage device can be determined. The apparatus can also be utilized to capture non-SPR optical waves, analysis of which can further derive information such as temperature, pressure, strain, etc. of the energy storage device and/or be used for calibration.

A battery monitoring module may be arranged in such a way as to receive a sensor signal from a light sensor configured to detect light within a battery module. The battery monitoring module may determine, using processing circuitry, a light characteristic within the battery module based on the sensor signal. The battery monitoring module may determine, using processing circuitry, a battery condition of the battery module based on the light characteristic.

Various aspects of the present disclosure are directed to energy accumulator emulators. In one embodiment, an energy accumulator emulator is disclosed including a DC-to-DC converter having a number of power switches, a control unit that calculates a reference current from electrical variables of the DC-to-DC converter, and a battery model connected to the control unit. The battery model receives and processes the reference current and communicates a referenced voltage to the control unit. The control unit includes a voltage controller that processes the reference voltage and controls a current, on the basis of which the control unit controls the power switches via switching pulses to control an output voltage. The energy accumulator emulator further includes a PPPC unit that is connected to the voltage controller. The PPPC unit provides a number of pulse patterns, selects a pulse pattern, and controls the power switches according to the selected pulse pattern.

An electrical device includes a sensor unit. The electrical device includes a first surface that is provided with a depression, and a second surface that is provided with a lug, the second surface being orthogonal to the first surface. The sensor unit includes a contact surface that is provided with a projection fitted to the depression, the contact surface being in contact with the first surface, and a hook that is engaged with the lug, the hook extending along the second surface, and the hook being elastically deformable in a direction normal to the second surface.

A voltage detection device is provided which includes: a plurality of wires that are connected to a plurality of battery cells of a battery; a voltage detection circuit that operates with supply of electric power from the battery and detects voltages of the plurality of battery cells via the plurality of wires; an overvoltage protection circuit that electrically connects one or more wires of the plurality of wires to a minus terminal of the battery when the voltage of the one or more wires is higher than a predetermined threshold value; and a breaker circuit that irreversibly breaks electrical connection between the minus terminal and the voltage detection circuit using a current flowing from the one or more wires to the minus terminal.

A busbar module includes: a circuit body having a flexible circuit board; busbars; and a holder. The circuit body has: a band-shaped main strip to be located to extend in a stacking direction of cells; a band-shaped first branch strip branched from the main strip and extending toward a corresponding busbar; and a second branch strip branched from the main strip and extending toward an external device. The first branch strip has: a bent portion extending in the stacking direction and having a bent shape around an axis crossing the stacking direction; and a busbar connection portion disposed closer to an end of the first branch strip than the bent portion and connected to the corresponding busbar. The second branch strip has a device connection portion to be connected to the external device.

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for testing an internal short of a secondary battery by simulating the use environment situation where the secondary battery is actually used, and a secondary battery for an internal short test, which is used in the method. The method for testing an internal short of a secondary battery includes the steps of mounting a P-N junction diode in a secondary battery; charging the secondary battery; and evaluating a state of the secondary battery by considering that an internal short occurs in the secondary battery when the P-N junction diode is switched on.

A battery management apparatus includes a processor configured to collect sensing data of a battery using a sensor, and infrared (IR) communicators located to face a neighboring battery management apparatus of the battery management apparatus. The processor is configured to transmit the collected sensing data to the neighboring battery management apparatus using one of the IR communicators.

A battery micro-short circuit detection method and apparatus are disclosed. The method includes: obtaining a target initial battery parameter value of a target battery at an initial moment, and determining a reference initial battery parameter value of a virtual reference battery at the initial moment, where a response of the virtual reference battery is the same as a response of the target battery when a same excitation condition is given; obtaining a target battery parameter value of the target battery at a specified moment; determining a reference battery parameter value of the virtual reference battery at the specified moment based on the target battery parameter value and the reference initial battery parameter; and calculating a difference between the target battery parameter value and the reference battery parameter value, and determining, based on the difference, that the target battery is micro-short-circuited.