A number of variations may include a product comprising: an electrochemical device comprising an anode and a cathode, and at least one sensor comprising a plurality of strain sensing components and at least one temperature sensing component wherein each of the anode and the cathode comprises at least one strain sensing component comprising an optical fiber comprising at least one grating, wherein the at least one sensor is constructed and arranged to provide measurements that derive both state of charge and temperature of the anode and the cathode simultaneously.

A charge and discharge control apparatus and method are provided. The charge and discharge control apparatus decides multiple discharge time intervals and multiple discharge power values for an energy storage according to a predicted load curve and a peak shaving threshold and decides multiple charge time intervals and multiple charge power values for the energy storage according to the predicted load curve and a customer base line. The peak shaving threshold is between a contracted capacity and a peak value of the predicted load curve. A difference between the peak value and the peak shaving threshold is not greater than a maximum discharge power of the energy storage. The customer base line is between the contracted capacity and a valley value of the predicted load curve. A difference between the customer base line and the valley value is not greater than a maximum charge power of the energy storage.

A battery management apparatus includes a processor configured to collect sensing data of a battery using a sensor, and infrared (IR) communicators located to face a neighboring battery management apparatus of the battery management apparatus. The processor is configured to transmit the collected sensing data to the neighboring battery management apparatus using one of the IR communicators.

A cabinet box comprises a plurality of independent, explosion-proof chambers. A battery wiring assembly for receiving and testing a battery is attached to an inner wall of an explosion-proof door, and an electrical connector is provided on an outer wall of the door. The assembly is placed inside a chamber, and the door seals the chamber. The temperature in each chamber is controlled independently, allowing batteries to be tested simultaneously at different temperatures. An air-circulating temperature-control module can be in a chamber, or a temperature controller with a refrigeration sheet can be integrated with the battery wiring assembly for direct battery contact. Separate, independent explosion-proof chambers effectively eliminate the possibility of a battery explosion in one chamber causing a chain-reaction explosion in another chamber. Modularity allows damaged parts to be replaced easily. An external battery testing machine can connected to the connector on each door.

In an embodiment, a module-side optical transceiver is configured to exchange optical signals with a battery module controller (BMC)-side optical transceiver coupled to a BMC. The optical signals are transported inside of a tunnel space between the BMC and the battery module. In one embodiment, the optical signals are transported via a light tube, a deflection element such as a mirror, or a combination thereof. In another embodiment, the optical signals are transported via a cable harness coupled to a plurality of BMC-side optical transceivers in the tunnel space and configured to support optical line of sight (LoS) links to various module-side optical transceivers.

A system for diagnosing a battery connection status includes: a DC-DC converter that converts and outputs a level of an input voltage; a battery connected to an output terminal of the DC-DC converter; and a controller that generates a control value for compensating for an error between a voltage command or a current command of the battery and a detection voltage or a detection current of the battery, controls the output of the DC-DC converter by applying the control value, and diagnoses a connection status between the DC-DC converter and the battery based on a change in error between the detection voltage or the detection current of the battery and the voltage command or the current command of the battery.

A battery information processing system processes information for estimating a full charge capacity of a module. The battery information processing system includes a storage device configured to store a trained neural network model and an analysis device configured to estimate a full charge capacity of a secondary battery from a result of measurement of an AC impedance of the module by using the trained neural network model. The trained neural network model includes an input layer given a numeric value for each pixel of an estimation image in which a Nyquist plot representing the result of measurement of the AC impedance of the module is drawn in a region consisting of a predetermined number of pixels.

A circuit is formed by connecting positive terminals and negative terminals of a power storage device and an external power supply, and a resistor and a switch are arranged in series between a positive-side conductor and a negative-side conductor. An ON time for which the switch is temporarily closed before start of inspection is made longer as the capacity of the power storage device is larger. An ON voltage between the positive-side and negative-side conductors within the ON time, and an OFF voltage between these conductors at a time other than the ON time are obtained, and a parasitic resistance value of the circuit is calculated based on the ON and OFF voltages and a resistance value of the resistor. During the inspection, the voltage of the external power supply, which is applied to the power storage device, is increased according to the parasitic resistance value.

A circuit body includes: a plurality of conductors and a substrate having flexibility and provided with the conductors, in which the substrate includes a battery wiring portion which is routed along each row of electrodes and where one ends of the conductors are respectively connected to bus bars, and a pair of connector connecting portions in which the other ends of the conductors provided in respective battery wiring portions are located, the pair of connector connecting portions include a connector mounting portion where the pair of connector connecting portions are guided from opposite directions, and in the connector mounting portion, the other ends of the conductors of the pair of the connector connecting portions are alternately arranged and an arrangement order corresponds to the potential order of the bus bars connected to the conductors.

Provided are an abnormality detection unit that detects abnormality or stop of at least one of a plurality of storage battery housing devices, a storage device extraction unit that extracts, when the abnormality detection unit detects the abnormality or the stop, one or more storage battery housing devices related to the storage battery housing device in which the abnormality or the stop is detected from among the plurality of storage battery housing devices, and an adjustment unit that determines adjustment of utilization rate of at least one of the one or more storage battery housing devices extracted by the storage device extraction unit.