A power system within a battery-powered node includes a primary cell, a secondary cell, and a battery controller. The battery controller includes a constant current source that draws power from the primary cell to charge the secondary cell. The battery-powered node draws power from the secondary cell across a wide range of current levels. When the voltage of the secondary cell drops beneath a minimum voltage level, the constant current source charges the secondary cell and a charging signal is sent to the battery-powered node. When the voltage of the second cell exceeds a maximum voltage level, the constant current source stops charging the secondary cell and the charging signal is terminated. The battery-powered node records the amount of time the charging signal is active and then determines a battery depletion level based on that amount of time. Battery replacement may then be efficiently scheduled based on the depletion level.

The present application provides a method and apparatus for correcting a state of charge. The method for correcting a state of charge comprises: determining an operating state of a battery cell, wherein the operating state comprises a discharging state or a charging state; and determining a corrected state of charge of the battery cell according to an acquired current open circuit voltage of the battery cell, an acquired current accumulative capacity of the battery cell, an accumulative capacity correspondence relationship corresponding to the operating state of the battery cell, and an open circuit voltage curve corresponding to a limit initial state of charge, wherein the accumulative capacity correspondence relationship comprises a correspondence relationship between a pre-measured open circuit voltage and an accumulative capacity threshold. A technical solution of the present application can be used to improve the accuracy of calculation of a state of charge.

The present application provides a method and apparatus for correcting a state of charge. The method for correcting a state of charge comprises: determining an operating state of a battery cell, wherein the operating state comprises a discharging state or a charging state; and determining a corrected state of charge of the battery cell according to an acquired current open circuit voltage of the battery cell, an acquired current accumulative capacity of the battery cell, an accumulative capacity correspondence relationship corresponding to the operating state of the battery cell, and an open circuit voltage curve corresponding to a limit initial state of charge, wherein the accumulative capacity correspondence relationship comprises a correspondence relationship between a pre-measured open circuit voltage and an accumulative capacity threshold. A technical solution of the present application can be used to improve the accuracy of calculation of a state of charge.

A method for determining the state of a system among a plurality of states, includes acquiring values of a reference physical quantity of the system corresponding to a plurality of points in an original space, each value being paired with one point of the plurality of points and with one state of the system; embedding a portion of the points in a representation space, the representation space being in bijection with a sub-variety of the original space, each point in the representation space being paired with one state; determining a pairing function that pairs any position of the original space with a position in the representation space; determining the position in the representation space of a point of the original space paired with an acquired value, and determining the state of the system from the position of the point paired with the acquired value in the representation space.

An estimation device includes: a derivation unit (31) configured to derive a derivation history based on a current and a voltage of a lead-acid battery and a temperature of the lead-acid battery; a first specifying unit 31 configured to specify a specific gravity of an electrolyte solution; a second specifying unit (31) configured to specify at least one degree out of: a first degree of softening of a positive electrode material; a second degree of corrosion of a positive electrode grid; a third degree of sulfation of a negative electrode; and a fourth degree of shrinkage of a negative electrode material based on the specified specific gravity, the derived derivation history, and at least one relationship selected from the group consisting of: a first relationship between the specific gravity and a first history, and the first degree; a second relationship between the specific gravity and a second history; and the second degree; a third relationship between the specific gravity and a third history; and the third degree; and a fourth relationship between a fourth history and the fourth degree; and an estimation unit (31) configured to estimate a degree of deterioration of the lead-acid battery based on the specified at least one degree.

An estimation device includes: a derivation unit (31) configured to derive a derivation history based on a current and a voltage of a lead-acid battery and a temperature of the lead-acid battery; a first specifying unit 31 configured to specify a specific gravity of an electrolyte solution; a second specifying unit (31) configured to specify at least one degree out of: a first degree of softening of a positive electrode material; a second degree of corrosion of a positive electrode grid; a third degree of sulfation of a negative electrode; and a fourth degree of shrinkage of a negative electrode material based on the specified specific gravity, the derived derivation history, and at least one relationship selected from the group consisting of: a first relationship between the specific gravity and a first history, and the first degree; a second relationship between the specific gravity and a second history; and the second degree; a third relationship between the specific gravity and a third history; and the third degree; and a fourth relationship between a fourth history and the fourth degree; and an estimation unit (31) configured to estimate a degree of deterioration of the lead-acid battery based on the specified at least one degree.

Provided is a secondary battery state output system capable of outputting the deterioration state of a secondary battery including a content satisfactory to a user in a timely manner. A state output system of the present invention is a system for outputting the deterioration suite of the secondary battery mounted on a user device used by the user, and includes an output unit which, when the most recent deterioration state of the secondary battery is determined to be deviating from a tendency, determines a detailed deterioration state indicative of a detailed deterioration state of the secondary battery based on information indicative of how the secondary battery had been used by the most recent time point, and outputs the most recent deterioration state and the detailed deterioration state.

Provided is a secondary battery state output system capable of outputting the deterioration state of a secondary battery including a content satisfactory to a user in a timely manner. A state output system of the present invention is a system for outputting the deterioration suite of the secondary battery mounted on a user device used by the user, and includes an output unit which, when the most recent deterioration state of the secondary battery is determined to be deviating from a tendency, determines a detailed deterioration state indicative of a detailed deterioration state of the secondary battery based on information indicative of how the secondary battery had been used by the most recent time point, and outputs the most recent deterioration state and the detailed deterioration state.

There is provided a device or the like capable of improving the convenience of reproduction under various conditions of the characteristics of a secondary battery by using a simulated battery. Based on the communication between the electronics and/or the charger coupled to the electronics, and the simulated battery control device, the operation of the simulated battery mounted on the electronics is controlled, and the voltage corresponding to the current command value is applied to the specified load. Then, the operating characteristic information corresponding to the operating characteristic of the specified load corresponding to the applied voltage is output to the output interface of the electronics. The operating characteristics of the specified load can be grasped when voltage corresponding to the current command value is applied to the specified load of the electronics, and therefore the convenience of the user of the electronics can be improved.

A battery data management system includes a communication device for obtaining state data of a battery from a battery management system and transmitting the state data of the battery to an outside and a management server for managing the state data of the battery, received from the communication device through a first network.