Responsive to data being indicative of conditions that will decrease a life of a battery to the extent the life expectancy will be less than a target value with a confidence that exceeds a first threshold, a processor may generate an alert or mitigation recommendations. Responsive to data being indicative of the cause of conditions that result in the life expectancy to be less than a target value with a confidence that exceeds a second threshold, the processor may implement a control strategy or set of control strategies to benefit the life expectancy of the battery.

Processing circuitry functionally includes: an internal resistance calculation unit; a reference value obtaining unit configured to obtain a reference value for internal resistance; a correction coefficient calculation unit configured to calculate a correction coefficient indicating how great difference between the internal resistance and the reference value is: a correction value calculation unit configured to calculate a correction value by correcting the reference value using the correction coefficient; and an estimation unit configured to calculate estimated internal resistance, based on the correction value and present voltage. The processing circuitry is configured to control charge and/or discharge of the battery, based on the internal resistance or the estimated internal resistance. The correction value calculation unit is configured to calculate the correction value by correcting the reference value using the correction coefficient calculated in the past when the internal resistance calculation unit is unable to calculate the internal resistance.

Processing circuitry functionally includes: an internal resistance calculation unit; a reference value obtaining unit configured to obtain a reference value for internal resistance; a correction coefficient calculation unit configured to calculate a correction coefficient indicating how great difference between the internal resistance and the reference value is: a correction value calculation unit configured to calculate a correction value by correcting the reference value using the correction coefficient; and an estimation unit configured to calculate estimated internal resistance, based on the correction value and present voltage. The processing circuitry is configured to control charge and/or discharge of the battery, based on the internal resistance or the estimated internal resistance. The correction value calculation unit is configured to calculate the correction value by correcting the reference value using the correction coefficient calculated in the past when the internal resistance calculation unit is unable to calculate the internal resistance.

A battery voltage prediction apparatus may include: a state-of-charge (SOC) derivation unit configured to derive the SOC of a battery according to a current that is input or output to the battery and a capacity of the battery; a fixed parameter derivation unit configured to derive fixed parameters required for an equivalent circuit model based on voltages measured according to input/output currents of the battery and a time change within a preset time when the current is input or output for the preset time; and a tuning parameter derivation unit configured to derive at least one tuning parameter that varies depending on a time required for the equivalent circuit model when the current is input or output for a time exceeding the preset time.

A battery voltage prediction apparatus may include: a state-of-charge (SOC) derivation unit configured to derive the SOC of a battery according to a current that is input or output to the battery and a capacity of the battery; a fixed parameter derivation unit configured to derive fixed parameters required for an equivalent circuit model based on voltages measured according to input/output currents of the battery and a time change within a preset time when the current is input or output for the preset time; and a tuning parameter derivation unit configured to derive at least one tuning parameter that varies depending on a time required for the equivalent circuit model when the current is input or output for a time exceeding the preset time.

Provided are a battery management system, a battery management method, a battery pack and an electric vehicle. The battery management system includes a sensing unit to generate battery information indicating a current, a voltage and a temperature of a battery, and a control unit. The control unit determines a temporary estimate for a SOC in a current cycle using a time update process of an extended Kalman filter based on a previous estimate indicating a SOC in a previous cycle and the battery information. The control unit determines open circuit voltage (OCV) information based on the temporary estimate. The control unit determines a definitive estimate indicating the SOC in the current cycle using a measurement update process of the extended Kalman filter based on the temporary estimate, the OCV information and the battery information.

The invention provides methods, systems and terminal devices for analyzing a state of a battery pack based on cell parameters thereof. The method comprises acquiring cell voltages of each cell and total voltages of the battery pack within a preset time; performing data cleaning on the cell voltages and the total voltages of the battery pack; calculating a voltage standard score of the cells based on the cell voltages after data cleaning, and calculating a voltage standard score of the battery pack based on the total voltages after data cleaning; and performing a time-domain analysis on the voltage standard score of each cell and/or the voltage standard score of the battery pack.

The invention provides methods, systems and terminal devices for analyzing a state of a battery pack based on cell parameters thereof. The method comprises acquiring cell voltages of each cell and total voltages of the battery pack within a preset time; performing data cleaning on the cell voltages and the total voltages of the battery pack; calculating a voltage standard score of the cells based on the cell voltages after data cleaning, and calculating a voltage standard score of the battery pack based on the total voltages after data cleaning; and performing a time-domain analysis on the voltage standard score of each cell and/or the voltage standard score of the battery pack.

An apparatus and a method for predicting a state of a battery are provided. The apparatus includes a data measuring unit that measures information about the battery and outputs first data, a data producing unit that reflects a change in available capacity of the battery based on at least a portion of the first data to calculate a corrected state of charge and processes the first data based on the corrected state of charge to generate second data, and outputs the second data, and a battery state estimating unit that estimates state information of the battery based on the second data.

An apparatus and a method for predicting a state of a battery are provided. The apparatus includes a data measuring unit that measures information about the battery and outputs first data, a data producing unit that reflects a change in available capacity of the battery based on at least a portion of the first data to calculate a corrected state of charge and processes the first data based on the corrected state of charge to generate second data, and outputs the second data, and a battery state estimating unit that estimates state information of the battery based on the second data.