A method of calculating an aging degree of a battery, the method including obtaining a duration of the battery in a first state, when a use state of the battery is changed from the first state to a second state, determining whether the obtained duration is greater than or equal to a first reference time, calculating an average temperature of the battery based on a first algorithm when the duration is less than the first reference time, and calculating the average temperature of the battery based on a second algorithm when the duration is greater than or equal to a reference time, and calculating the aging degree of the battery based on the calculated average temperature.

A method of calculating an aging degree of a battery, the method including obtaining a duration of the battery in a first state, when a use state of the battery is changed from the first state to a second state, determining whether the obtained duration is greater than or equal to a first reference time, calculating an average temperature of the battery based on a first algorithm when the duration is less than the first reference time, and calculating the average temperature of the battery based on a second algorithm when the duration is greater than or equal to a reference time, and calculating the aging degree of the battery based on the calculated average temperature.

In a calculation system, a data acquisition unit is configured to acquire operation data of a battery, the operation data including at least voltages and currents measured by a management device at a plurality of time points, and states of charge (SOCs) estimated based on at least one of the voltages and the currents, the management device being configured to manage the battery. An extraction unit is configured to, extract, as sample data, a set of an SOC and a voltage from sets of the SOCs and the voltages the plurality of time points included in the operation data in a period in which the battery is regarded as resting, the period being specified based on the currents. An estimation unit is configured to estimate an SOC-open circuit voltage (OCV) characteristic of the battery based on the extracted sample data.

In a calculation system, a data acquisition unit is configured to acquire operation data of a battery, the operation data including at least voltages and currents measured by a management device at a plurality of time points, and states of charge (SOCs) estimated based on at least one of the voltages and the currents, the management device being configured to manage the battery. An extraction unit is configured to, extract, as sample data, a set of an SOC and a voltage from sets of the SOCs and the voltages the plurality of time points included in the operation data in a period in which the battery is regarded as resting, the period being specified based on the currents. An estimation unit is configured to estimate an SOC-open circuit voltage (OCV) characteristic of the battery based on the extracted sample data.

An estimation device includes: a deriving unit (31) that derives a derivation history based on a current and a voltage of a lead-acid battery and a temperature of the lead-acid battery; a specifying unit 31 that specifies at least two degrees of a first degree of softening of a positive electrode material, a second degree of corrosion of a positive electrode grid, a third degree of negative electrode sulfation, and a fourth degree of shrinkage of a negative electrode material based on the derived derivation history and at least two relationships selected from the group consisting of: a first relationship between a first history based on the current, the voltage, and the temperature of the lead-acid battery, and the first degree; a second relationship between a second history and the second degree; a third relationship between a third history and the third degree; and a fourth relationship between a fourth history and the fourth degree; and an estimating unit (31) that estimates a degree of deterioration of the lead-acid battery based on the specified at least two degrees.

An estimation device includes: a deriving unit (31) that derives a derivation history based on a current and a voltage of a lead-acid battery and a temperature of the lead-acid battery; a specifying unit 31 that specifies at least two degrees of a first degree of softening of a positive electrode material, a second degree of corrosion of a positive electrode grid, a third degree of negative electrode sulfation, and a fourth degree of shrinkage of a negative electrode material based on the derived derivation history and at least two relationships selected from the group consisting of: a first relationship between a first history based on the current, the voltage, and the temperature of the lead-acid battery, and the first degree; a second relationship between a second history and the second degree; a third relationship between a third history and the third degree; and a fourth relationship between a fourth history and the fourth degree; and an estimating unit (31) that estimates a degree of deterioration of the lead-acid battery based on the specified at least two degrees.

This application provides a charge current test method and device, and a charge test system. The method includes: charging a to-be-tested battery at a first current under a first temperature until a voltage of the to-be-tested battery reaches a preset cutoff voltage, stopping charging whenever an increment of a state-of-charge value of the to-be-tested battery reaches a preset value during the charging of the to-be-tested battery, and continuing to charge after a duration of stopping charging reaches a first preset time length; calculating an impedance of the to-be-tested battery during the first preset time length; and determining, based on the impedance, a maximum state-of-charge value that is allowed to be reached when the charging is performed at the first current under the first temperature.

This application provides a charge current test method and device, and a charge test system. The method includes: charging a to-be-tested battery at a first current under a first temperature until a voltage of the to-be-tested battery reaches a preset cutoff voltage, stopping charging whenever an increment of a state-of-charge value of the to-be-tested battery reaches a preset value during the charging of the to-be-tested battery, and continuing to charge after a duration of stopping charging reaches a first preset time length; calculating an impedance of the to-be-tested battery during the first preset time length; and determining, based on the impedance, a maximum state-of-charge value that is allowed to be reached when the charging is performed at the first current under the first temperature.

This application provides a method and a device for estimating a remaining charging time of a battery, and a battery management system. The method includes: determining a minimum charging time of each type of battery cell at a K.sup.th charging phase based on a charge request current value of each type of battery cell at the K.sup.th charging phase; and determining the remaining charging time of the battery when the K.sup.th charging phase of any type of battery cell in the battery is a target state-of-charge phase, where the remaining charging time of the battery is a smallest one of accumulation values, each accumulation value being an accumulation of minimum charging times of a type of battery cell in the battery at all charging phases.

A system includes a state of charge (SOC) calculation module configured to calculate an SOC of a battery cell based on a measured current of the battery cell and an overpotential calculation module configured to receive the measured current and output lagged currents based on the measured current and respective time constants, output a weighted measured current and weighted lagged currents based on a plurality of weighting factors, wherein a sum of the plurality of weighting factors is 1, calculate an equivalent constant current corresponding to the measured current based on the weighted measured current and the weighted lag currents, and calculate an overpotential of the battery cell based on the equivalent constant current. The system is configured to output a predicted voltage of the battery cell based on the calculated SOC and the calculated overpotential of the battery cell.