An analysis device determines, by the Maharanobis-Taguchi system using a plurality of explanatory variables, to which of a first group and a second group a module representing a nickel metal hydride battery will belong when the module is subjected to capacity restoration processing, the first group being defined as a group of modules of which battery capacity is lower than a reference capacity, the second group being defined as a group of modules of which battery capacity is higher than a reference capacity. The plurality of explanatory variables include a plurality of feature values extracted from a Nyquist plot of the module. The plurality of feature values include at least two AC impedance real number components plotted in a semicircular portion, at least two AC impedance imaginary number components plotted in the semicircular portion, and at least one AC impedance imaginary number component plotted in a linear portion.

A method for characterizing a rechargeable battery (91-96) that is at risk of lithium plating comprises: receiving (1001) operating values (41) of the battery (91-96) as time-series, wherein the operating values of the battery comprise a terminal voltage of the battery (U(t)) and a battery current of the battery (I(t)), determining (1002) a simulated terminal voltage (USim(t)) using a model of the battery (400) on the basis of the battery current (I(t)), comparing (1003) the simulated terminal voltage (USim(t)) with the terminal voltage (U(t)), determining (1004, 1004a, 1004b) a lithium plating state of the battery on the basis of the comparison.

A method for characterizing a rechargeable battery (91-96) that is at risk of lithium plating comprises: receiving (1001) operating values (41) of the battery (91-96) as time-series, wherein the operating values of the battery comprise a terminal voltage of the battery (U(t)) and a battery current of the battery (I(t)), determining (1002) a simulated terminal voltage (USim(t)) using a model of the battery (400) on the basis of the battery current (I(t)), comparing (1003) the simulated terminal voltage (USim(t)) with the terminal voltage (U(t)), determining (1004, 1004a, 1004b) a lithium plating state of the battery on the basis of the comparison.

A battery management device manages an energy storage device to which a shunt resistor is connected. The battery management device includes: a current measurement unit that measures a current flowing through the shunt resistor using a pair of signal wires connected to both ends of the shunt resistor; a connecting wire that connects the signal wire to a reference potential source via an opening/closing switch; and a determination unit that determines presence or absence of a failure in which connection between the pair of signal wires via the shunt resistor becomes defective based on a change in current measured by the current measurement unit when the opening/closing switch is opened and closed.

An apparatus and method for determining electrode information of a battery including a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a battery pack including the apparatus. The apparatus includes a sensing unit configured to measure a voltage and a current of the battery, and a processor. The processor generates a V-dQ/dV curve based on the voltage and the current of the battery. The V-dQ/dV curve indicates a relationship between V (the voltage of the battery) and dQ/dV (a ratio of an amount of change dQ of the remaining capacity to an amount of change dV of the voltage of the battery). The processor detects a plurality of feature points from the V-dQ/dV curve. The processor determines information associated with each of the first electrode and the second electrode as the electrode information based on the plurality of feature points.

Methods for diagnosing failure mechanisms and for predicting lifetime of metal batteries include monitoring rest voltage and Coulombic Efficiency over relatively few cycles to provide profiles that indicate, by the trends thereof, a particular failure mechanism (e.g., electrolyte depletion, loss of metal inventory, increased cell impedance). The methods also include cycling over relatively few cycles an anode-free cell, having the same cathode and electrolyte as the metal battery, but with a current collector instead of the anode. Discharge capacity is monitored and profiled, and a discharge capacity curve is fitted to the discharge capacity profile to discern a capacity retention per cycle. The lifetime of the metal battery is determined using the capacity retention per cycle discerned from the anode-free cell. Related systems include a metal-based battery and an anode-free cell or a battery cell reconfigurable between a metal-based and an anode-free cell.

Disclosed in the present invention is a multi-target simultaneous charging method for a lithium battery pack: converting energy loss and charging current into a lithium battery pack charging cost model with a charging weight coefficient, and using an interior point method for solving and processing to acquire a preset charging current sequence; on the basis of the preset charging current sequence, calculating the charging time required when charging the lithium battery pack, and adjusting the charging weight coefficient in the lithium battery pack charging cost model by means of an adaptive momentum gradient descent algorithm to obtain the charging weight coefficient with the shortest charging time; using the charging weight coefficient to optimize the lithium battery pack charging cost model to acquire a new preset charging current sequence; and using the new preset charging current sequence to implement charging, thereby implementing optimized multi-target simultaneous charging of the lithium battery pack.

Disclosed in the present invention is a multi-target simultaneous charging method for a lithium battery pack: converting energy loss and charging current into a lithium battery pack charging cost model with a charging weight coefficient, and using an interior point method for solving and processing to acquire a preset charging current sequence; on the basis of the preset charging current sequence, calculating the charging time required when charging the lithium battery pack, and adjusting the charging weight coefficient in the lithium battery pack charging cost model by means of an adaptive momentum gradient descent algorithm to obtain the charging weight coefficient with the shortest charging time; using the charging weight coefficient to optimize the lithium battery pack charging cost model to acquire a new preset charging current sequence; and using the new preset charging current sequence to implement charging, thereby implementing optimized multi-target simultaneous charging of the lithium battery pack.

An online impedance spectrum measuring device and method for a vehicle-mounted hydrogen fuel cell includes: a controllable alternating current source, configured to apply a sinusoidal alternating signal; a cell voltage signal preceding-stage measuring circuit, configured to select to communicate with one monocell via a voltage signal gating circuit; a current sensor and a cell current signal preceding-stage measuring circuit connected with the current sensor; and a signal conditioning and amplifying circuit, a multi-channel simultaneous sampling analog-digital conversion circuit, a digital signal processor and an upper computer, which are connected in sequence, wherein the signal conditioning and amplifying circuit is connected to the cell voltage signal preceding-stage measuring circuit and the cell current signal preceding-stage measuring circuit, separately; and the upper computer is connected with the controllable alternating source and the voltage signal gating circuit.

An apparatus is provided for measuring the power of electrolytes at different positions of a flow battery by switching six-way valves without reconnecting channels. With the measurements at the positions, weighting is processed to obtain power corresponding to charging statuses for determining accurate power. The charging and discharging of voltage and current of the battery are controlled for constant operations with high efficiency. Consequently, the efficiency of power conversion is improved; energy consumption is reduced; and the battery is always run within a safe power-range for avoiding accidents or damages to the battery. In addition, the present invention is further applicable to a device monitoring the features of a battery unit. The six-way valves online monitor the power at center positions by switching. The values measured at different positions are aimed at the abnormality of the battery unit for processing adjustment or offline replacement to maintain best operation performance.