One or more systems, devices, and/or system-implemented methods are provided that can facilitate provision of varying AC output voltage or DC output voltage, including selectively separately providing a positive voltage output, a negative voltage output and no voltage output. A device can comprise a battery cell, and a controller connected to the battery cell and that varies output from the battery cell, wherein the controller is configured to cause the battery cell to selectively separately provide negative output voltage, positive output voltage and no output voltage. A method can comprise varying output polarity from a multi-cell battery cluster and selectively providing one or both of alternating current (AC) voltage output or direct current (DC) voltage output from the multi-cell battery cluster due to the varying of the output polarity.

An apparatus and a method for processing battery cell voltage data, which calculate a moving average by assigning a weight to one or more voltage data acquired from the battery cell and reflect the acquired voltage data to the calculated moving average and use the voltage data to rapidly follow a sudden change of the voltage data applied from the battery cell.

An apparatus and a method for processing battery cell voltage data, which calculate a moving average by assigning a weight to one or more voltage data acquired from the battery cell and reflect the acquired voltage data to the calculated moving average and use the voltage data to rapidly follow a sudden change of the voltage data applied from the battery cell.

To detect connection between a secondary battery and a charger, determine whether or not a state of the secondary battery is stabilized in a case of detecting the connection, measure a first open circuit voltage that is an open circuit voltage before charging of the secondary battery in a case of determining that a state of the secondary battery is stabilized, instruct the charger to start charging of the secondary battery, detect end of charging of the secondary battery, determine whether or not a state of the secondary battery is stabilized in a case of detecting end of charging of the secondary battery, measure a second open circuit voltage that is an open circuit voltage after charging of the secondary battery in a case of determining that a state of the secondary battery is stabilized, and notify the user of end of charging of the secondary battery.

To detect connection between a secondary battery and a charger, determine whether or not a state of the secondary battery is stabilized in a case of detecting the connection, measure a first open circuit voltage that is an open circuit voltage before charging of the secondary battery in a case of determining that a state of the secondary battery is stabilized, instruct the charger to start charging of the secondary battery, detect end of charging of the secondary battery, determine whether or not a state of the secondary battery is stabilized in a case of detecting end of charging of the secondary battery, measure a second open circuit voltage that is an open circuit voltage after charging of the secondary battery in a case of determining that a state of the secondary battery is stabilized, and notify the user of end of charging of the secondary battery.

Systems and methods for determining state of health (SOH) of a battery. For example, a method includes conditioning the battery by determining an initial state of charge of the battery; charging the battery from the initial state of charge to a first target state of charge via a predetermined multi-stage charging sequence; and determining SOH of the battery by charging the battery from the first target state of charge to a second target state of charge at an ICA charging rate; acquiring a voltage vs. capacity (QV) data of the battery during charging of the battery from the first target state of charge to the second target state of charge; obtaining an incremental capacity (IC) data based on at least the acquired QV data; pre-processing the IC data; extracting an incremental capacity analysis (ICA) peak from the IC data; and determining the SOH of the battery based upon the ICA peak.

Systems and methods for determining state of health (SOH) of a battery. For example, a method includes conditioning the battery by determining an initial state of charge of the battery; charging the battery from the initial state of charge to a first target state of charge via a predetermined multi-stage charging sequence; and determining SOH of the battery by charging the battery from the first target state of charge to a second target state of charge at an ICA charging rate; acquiring a voltage vs. capacity (QV) data of the battery during charging of the battery from the first target state of charge to the second target state of charge; obtaining an incremental capacity (IC) data based on at least the acquired QV data; pre-processing the IC data; extracting an incremental capacity analysis (ICA) peak from the IC data; and determining the SOH of the battery based upon the ICA peak.

A deterioration degree diagnosis device includes: a charging/discharging control unit configured to control charging or discharging of a battery; a battery information measurement unit configured to measure a voltage and a current of the battery and measure a capacity and voltage transition during charging or discharging; a multiple data integration unit configured to integrate battery capacity voltage data in at least two different sections measured by the battery information measurement unit, and create a battery capacity voltage curve; and a deterioration degree diagnosis unit configured to estimate a deterioration degree of the battery on the basis of the battery capacity voltage curve.

A deterioration degree diagnosis device includes: a charging/discharging control unit configured to control charging or discharging of a battery; a battery information measurement unit configured to measure a voltage and a current of the battery and measure a capacity and voltage transition during charging or discharging; a multiple data integration unit configured to integrate battery capacity voltage data in at least two different sections measured by the battery information measurement unit, and create a battery capacity voltage curve; and a deterioration degree diagnosis unit configured to estimate a deterioration degree of the battery on the basis of the battery capacity voltage curve.

Provided is an electric storage device including: an electric storage unit; a temperature measurement unit that detects the temperature of the electric storage unit; a current measurement unit that measures the charge/discharge current of the electric storage unit; and a safety evaluation unit that calculates the safety evaluation value of the electric storage unit, where the safety evaluation unit determines a temperature range to which the temperature detected by the temperature measurement unit belongs among multiple temperature ranges, and calculates a safety evaluation value, based on the temperature range as a result of the determination and an accumulated value of a value related to the charge/discharge time of the electric storage unit.