A method of inspecting short circuit of an electrolyte membrane by a short circuit inspection apparatus includes an obtaining step of performing a process of obtaining the energization state of a limited range including divided portions that are adjacent to each other in a range which is smaller than the entire range of the plurality of divided portions, for each of a plurality of limited ranges provided at different positions, and a determination step of determining whether or not a short circuit portion is present in the electrolyte membrane based on the energization state of the plurality of limited ranges.

A method of inspecting short circuit of an electrolyte membrane by a short circuit inspection apparatus includes an obtaining step of performing a process of obtaining the energization state of a limited range including divided portions that are adjacent to each other in a range which is smaller than the entire range of the plurality of divided portions, for each of a plurality of limited ranges provided at different positions, and a determination step of determining whether or not a short circuit portion is present in the electrolyte membrane based on the energization state of the plurality of limited ranges.

The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for management and control of interconnected energy storage modules, such as battery packs, that can form a larger energy storage system. The disclosure also relates to methods and system for the measurement of cell impedances in a battery pack in-situ and on-line and using active balancing circuits that may already be present in the battery pack. The methods and systems can inject disturbances of different frequencies and measure impedance by using the active balancing circuits present in the battery pack, which can transform an active balancer into a dual active balancer and impedance measurement system. The speed up of impedance measurement energy storage modules can be accomplished by using multi-tone, orthogonal or spread spectrum waveforms applied simultaneously on all or a sub-set of the active balancer circuits in an active balancer.

The present disclosure relates to methods and systems for management and control of interconnected energy storage modules, such as battery packs, that can form a larger energy storage system. The disclosure also relates to methods and system for the measurement of cell impedances in a battery pack in-situ and on-line and using active balancing circuits that may already be present in the battery pack. The methods and systems can inject disturbances of different frequencies and measure impedance by using the active balancing circuits present in the battery pack, which can transform an active balancer into a dual active balancer and impedance measurement system. The speed up of impedance measurement energy storage modules can be accomplished by using multi-tone, orthogonal or spread spectrum waveforms applied simultaneously on all or a sub-set of the active balancer circuits in an active balancer.

A method for estimating an operating parameter of a battery unit (202) in an energy storage system (200) of a vehicle (201) using a set of first estimators, each first estimator being configured to estimate a state residual size of the battery unit based on a given initial value of said operating parameter and using a prediction model, the operating parameter being indicative of one of capacity and impedance of the battery unit, the method comprising:—obtaining measurement data relating to operating conditions of the energy storage system at a number of points in time t.sub.k,—providing a set of initial values of said operating parameter, each initial value being associated with one of said first estimators,—using the set of first estimators, estimating (103) a set of state residual sizes of the battery unit at each point in time t.sub.k based on at least the measurement data and on the associated initial values,—determining a first operating parameter estimate of the battery unit based on the estimated set of state residual sizes,—estimating the operating parameter of the battery unit as a function of time based on at least said first operating parameter estimate, wherein estimating the set of state residual sizes comprises using a recursive algorithm for estimating the state residual size of each element of a set of state residuals, each estimated state residual size being determined based on the state residual size as estimated at a previous point in time t.sub.k−1 and a current magnitude of the state residual.

A method for estimating an operating parameter of a battery unit (202) in an energy storage system (200) of a vehicle (201) using a set of first estimators, each first estimator being configured to estimate a state residual size of the battery unit based on a given initial value of said operating parameter and using a prediction model, the operating parameter being indicative of one of capacity and impedance of the battery unit, the method comprising:—obtaining measurement data relating to operating conditions of the energy storage system at a number of points in time t.sub.k,—providing a set of initial values of said operating parameter, each initial value being associated with one of said first estimators,—using the set of first estimators, estimating (103) a set of state residual sizes of the battery unit at each point in time t.sub.k based on at least the measurement data and on the associated initial values,—determining a first operating parameter estimate of the battery unit based on the estimated set of state residual sizes,—estimating the operating parameter of the battery unit as a function of time based on at least said first operating parameter estimate, wherein estimating the set of state residual sizes comprises using a recursive algorithm for estimating the state residual size of each element of a set of state residuals, each estimated state residual size being determined based on the state residual size as estimated at a previous point in time t.sub.k−1 and a current magnitude of the state residual.

A method for the correction of synchronization errors Δt in the measurement of the impedance of an electrical or electrochemical component, more particularly a lithium ion cell is provided. In general, synchronization errors in an impedance measurement can arise between the excitation and response signals, which can misrepresent the phase of the impedance value obtained. According to the method, the synchronization error can be determined by measuring the impedance at two different frequencies and solving an optimization problem in respect of the deviation of the phases from an equivalent circuit diagram, which comprises at least one resistance and an inductance. The phase of the impedance value obtained can be corrected in this way.

A method for the correction of synchronization errors Δt in the measurement of the impedance of an electrical or electrochemical component, more particularly a lithium ion cell is provided. In general, synchronization errors in an impedance measurement can arise between the excitation and response signals, which can misrepresent the phase of the impedance value obtained. According to the method, the synchronization error can be determined by measuring the impedance at two different frequencies and solving an optimization problem in respect of the deviation of the phases from an equivalent circuit diagram, which comprises at least one resistance and an inductance. The phase of the impedance value obtained can be corrected in this way.

A battery condition monitoring apparatus includes a measurer configured to measure a charging current which is an internal current of a converter and is charged into a sub-battery, a charging voltage of the converter, and an ambient temperature of a vehicle, an impedance calculator configured to an impedance of the sub-battery on basis of a voltage and a current each measured by the measurer, and a determiner configured to determine a condition of the sub-battery by using the ambient temperature of the vehicle and the impedance of the sub-battery.

A battery condition monitoring apparatus includes a measurer configured to measure a charging current which is an internal current of a converter and is charged into a sub-battery, a charging voltage of the converter, and an ambient temperature of a vehicle, an impedance calculator configured to an impedance of the sub-battery on basis of a voltage and a current each measured by the measurer, and a determiner configured to determine a condition of the sub-battery by using the ambient temperature of the vehicle and the impedance of the sub-battery.