A method is provided for calibrating a passive balancing system in a battery system which has a plurality of lithium ion cells and a battery management system, in which cell units consisting of individual cells or parallel-connected groups of a plurality of cells are each provided with a discharge circuit having a load resistance Ri representing the calibration parameter, and the cell units are serially connected in series. The battery management system is designed to measure the voltage U.sub.i of each cell unit and to actuate the discharge circuit at a selectable time in order to discharge the cell unit in a controlled manner via the load resistance R.sub.i. The method includes actuating the discharge circuit of the cell unit for a discharge time t.sub.i in order to remove a charge Q.sub.i, and determining t.sub.i, Q.sub.i and the voltage characteristic over time U.sub.i(t); and determining R.sub.i.

A method is provided for calibrating a passive balancing system in a battery system which has a plurality of lithium ion cells and a battery management system, in which cell units consisting of individual cells or parallel-connected groups of a plurality of cells are each provided with a discharge circuit having a load resistance Ri representing the calibration parameter, and the cell units are serially connected in series. The battery management system is designed to measure the voltage U.sub.i of each cell unit and to actuate the discharge circuit at a selectable time in order to discharge the cell unit in a controlled manner via the load resistance R.sub.i. The method includes actuating the discharge circuit of the cell unit for a discharge time t.sub.i in order to remove a charge Q.sub.i, and determining t.sub.i, Q.sub.i and the voltage characteristic over time U.sub.i(t); and determining R.sub.i.

A method for fast charging from an initial charge state SOC.sub.0 to a predefined target charge state SOC.sub.target is provided. Optimized fast charging conditions are determined using impedance measurements or impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of a battery system which includes a plurality of lithium ion cells. Units consisting of individual cells or of blocks of cells connected in parallel are connected in series, and devices for measuring the voltage and at least one component of the impedance of these cell units are also provided.

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery state estimation device capable of accurately estimating a deterioration state of an entire battery system in consideration of an SOH distribution of battery cells. The battery state estimation device according to the present invention estimates an SOH of a battery cell by using a correspondence between a time derivative of an output voltage during a pause period of the battery cell and a battery temperature, and estimates a deterioration state of an entire battery system by using the SOHs of a plurality of battery cells (see FIG. 1).

An object of the present invention is to provide a battery state estimation device capable of accurately estimating a deterioration state of an entire battery system in consideration of an SOH distribution of battery cells. The battery state estimation device according to the present invention estimates an SOH of a battery cell by using a correspondence between a time derivative of an output voltage during a pause period of the battery cell and a battery temperature, and estimates a deterioration state of an entire battery system by using the SOHs of a plurality of battery cells (see FIG. 1).

An apparatus includes a first analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a first reference voltage and a third reference voltage. The apparatus also includes a second analog-to-digital converter configured to measure a second reference voltage and a fourth reference voltage. The apparatus also includes a controller configured to calculate a first resistance ratio, and determine a positive high voltage associated with the positive high voltage direct current input signal based, at least in part, on the first resistance ratio. The controller is further configured to calculate a second resistance ratio, and determine a negative high voltage associated with the negative high voltage direct current input signal based, at least in part, on the second resistance ratio.

A wireless cell array tracker includes a daisy chain connecter and processor each supported on a circuit substrate. The circuit substrate is attached to a battery array. The daisy chain connector physically interfaces with a battery sensing module of the battery array. The processor retrieves data from the battery sensing module via the daisy chain connector, and commands wireless transmission of the data.

A wireless cell array tracker includes a daisy chain connecter and processor each supported on a circuit substrate. The circuit substrate is attached to a battery array. The daisy chain connector physically interfaces with a battery sensing module of the battery array. The processor retrieves data from the battery sensing module via the daisy chain connector, and commands wireless transmission of the data.

A battery monitoring system, for monitoring condition of a plurality of batteries, includes first and second pluralities of battery testers each coupled to a storage battery stored at a respective first and second storage location The plurality of battery testers including test circuitry configured to test a storage battery and to generate test data, a memory configured to store battery tester identification information, and communication circuitry configured to transmit the test data and the identification information over a wireless communication medium. A gateway includes wireless communication circuitry configured to receive test data and battery tester identification information from the plurality of battery testers and further includes cloud communication circuitry configured to communicate the test data and battery tester identification information to a cloud facility The cloud facility includes communication circuitry configured to receive the test data from the gateway, a report output configured to report the test data, and a database which links battery tester identification information with battery tester location information.

A battery monitoring system, for monitoring condition of a plurality of batteries, includes first and second pluralities of battery testers each coupled to a storage battery stored at a respective first and second storage location The plurality of battery testers including test circuitry configured to test a storage battery and to generate test data, a memory configured to store battery tester identification information, and communication circuitry configured to transmit the test data and the identification information over a wireless communication medium. A gateway includes wireless communication circuitry configured to receive test data and battery tester identification information from the plurality of battery testers and further includes cloud communication circuitry configured to communicate the test data and battery tester identification information to a cloud facility The cloud facility includes communication circuitry configured to receive the test data from the gateway, a report output configured to report the test data, and a database which links battery tester identification information with battery tester location information.