Circuits and methods for reading fusible links that allows use of low-voltage logic circuitry utilizing devices that may have a high-voltage stand-off capability. Embodiments provide predictable operation that is less susceptible to PVT variations, allow the use of arrays of fuses that may be scaled to relatively large memory sizes, uses little integrated circuit area, and do not require extra pins for operation. Embodiments utilize a latch circuit and voltage dividers to generate a reference voltage V.sub.REF and a fuse voltage V.sub.FUSE, and then compares and latches the greater of those voltages. The circuitry does not require any more supply voltage than is needed to turn ON input pass transistors to the latch at a slightly higher voltage (V.sub.TH) than V.sub.REF. Since V.sub.REF may be about 0.1V, that turn-ON voltage may be as low as about 0.1V+V.sub.TH, and thus would be less than a V.sub.DD_MIN of about 1V.

Circuits and methods for reading fusible links that allows use of low-voltage logic circuitry utilizing devices that may have a high-voltage stand-off capability. Embodiments provide predictable operation that is less susceptible to PVT variations, allow the use of arrays of fuses that may be scaled to relatively large memory sizes, uses little integrated circuit area, and do not require extra pins for operation. Embodiments utilize a latch circuit and voltage dividers to generate a reference voltage V.sub.REF and a fuse voltage V.sub.FUSE, and then compares and latches the greater of those voltages. The circuitry does not require any more supply voltage than is needed to turn ON input pass transistors to the latch at a slightly higher voltage (V.sub.TH) than V.sub.REF. Since V.sub.REF may be about 0.1V, that turn-ON voltage may be as low as about 0.1V+V.sub.TH, and thus would be less than a V.sub.DD_MIN of about 1V.

A battery system having a battery pack with a negative pole, a positive pole and a battery cell, a coupling network having a first negative terminal and a first positive terminal, a pack voltage divider, and a coupling voltage divider. The first positive terminal is connectable to the positive pole via a switch. Optionally, the first negative terminal is connectable to the negative pole via a switch. The pack voltage divider includes a two resistors connected between the positive pole and a first reference point. A negative pack measurement resistor and a negative sub-pack measurement resistor are dis-connectable from the negative pole or the first reference point via a switch. A positive coupling measurement resistor and a positive sub-coupling measurement resistor are connected between the first positive terminal and the first reference point. Two resistors are connected between the first negative terminal and the first reference point.

An adjustment method for the chip output characteristics can include the following steps. When adjusting the output characteristics of the chip to be tested, first it is determined whether the output characteristics of the chip to be tested have been adjusted according to the state of each E-fuse. When determining that the output characteristics of the chip to be tested have not been adjusted, the target adjustment solution corresponding to the chip is determined among a plurality of adjustment solutions in a targeted manner according to the output performance of the chip to be tested. The E-fuse in the chip to be tested is subjected to blowing treatment according to the target adjustment solution, so as to adjust the output characteristics of the chip to be tested.

Wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are described. Methods associated with such wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are also described. The wireless communication enabled circuit breakers may controlled by a remote entity. The remote entity may wirelessly case the wireless communication enabled circuit breakers to trip.

Wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are described. Methods associated with such wireless communication enabled circuit breakers are also described. The wireless communication enabled circuit breakers may controlled by a remote entity. The remote entity may wirelessly case the wireless communication enabled circuit breakers to trip.

Systems and methods for estimating a thermal-mechanical fatigue in an electrical conductor in a thermal-mechanical fatigue assessment system include an electrical conductor having a cold resistance and a non-linear resistance when connected to an electrical power system, and a controller receiving temperatures of the conductor as inputs, wherein the controller is operable to estimate a service life of the conductor based on at least the input temperatures of the conductor and the cold resistance of the conductor.

Systems and methods for estimating a thermal-mechanical fatigue in an electrical conductor in a thermal-mechanical fatigue assessment system include an electrical conductor having a cold resistance and a non-linear resistance when connected to an electrical power system, and a controller receiving temperatures of the conductor as inputs, wherein the controller is operable to estimate a service life of the conductor based on at least the input temperatures of the conductor and the cold resistance of the conductor.

A fuse blow detection circuit disclosed herein is provided in an output circuit in which a battery and a fuse are connected in series. The fuse blow detection circuit includes a detection line on which a detection resistance, a measurement switch, and a first resistance are connected in series, the detection line being connected to the output circuit in parallel, a second resistance connected to a connection point between the measurement switch and the first resistance on the detection line and connected to a connection point between the battery and the fuse in the output circuit, a first voltage measurement section that measures a battery voltage of the battery relative to a reference potential, and a second voltage measurement section that measures a detection voltage applied to the detection resistance relative to the reference potential.

A fuse blow detection circuit disclosed herein is provided in an output circuit in which a battery and a fuse are connected in series. The fuse blow detection circuit includes a detection line on which a detection resistance, a measurement switch, and a first resistance are connected in series, the detection line being connected to the output circuit in parallel, a second resistance connected to a connection point between the measurement switch and the first resistance on the detection line and connected to a connection point between the battery and the fuse in the output circuit, a first voltage measurement section that measures a battery voltage of the battery relative to a reference potential, and a second voltage measurement section that measures a detection voltage applied to the detection resistance relative to the reference potential.