A type of rotating disk magnetic field probe (1) comprising: a non-magnetic rotating disk (2), 4N first soft ferromagnetic sectors (3), M second soft ferromagnetic sectors (4), a reference signal generator, an X-axis magnetoresistive sensor (7, 8), a Y-axis magnetoresistive sensor (5,6), and a Z-axis magnetoresistive sensor (9). Both the first soft ferromagnetic sectors (3) and the second soft ferromagnetic sector (4) are located on the non-magnetic rotating disk (2). In operation, the non-magnetic rotating disk (2) rotates about a Z-axis at a frequency f. An external magnetic field is modulated by the first soft ferromagnetic sector (3) into an X-axis magnetic field sensed component and a Y-axis magnetic field sensed component having a frequency of 4N×f, and is modulated by the second soft ferromagnetic field sectors into a Z-axis magnetic field sensed component having a frequency of M×f. The X-axis sensed magnetic field component, the Y-axis sensed magnetic field component, and the Z-axis sensed magnetic field component respectively are converted into output signals by means of the X-axis magnetoresistive sensor (7, 8) the Y-axis magnetoresistive sensor (5, 6) and the Z-axis magnetoresistive sensor (9). The reference signal generator respectively outputs a first reference signal having a frequency of 4N×f and a second reference signal having a frequency of M×f. The first reference signal, the second reference signal, and the measurement signals are demodulated by an external processing circuit to output magnetic field values Hx, Hy and Hz.

Provided are a detection method, a detection apparatus and a detection process. The detection method includes: using a sensor for idle scanning to obtain a first output electrical signal, and performing feedback correction on the first output electrical signal to eliminate a noise to obtain first correction data; using the sensor to scan a correction specimen page to obtain a second output electrical signal, and performing the feedback correction on the second output electrical signal to eliminate a noise to obtain second correction data; calculating according to the first correction data, the second correction data and an electrical signal predetermined value to obtain third correction data; using the sensor to scan a to-be-detected object to obtain a third output electrical signal; and correcting the third output electrical signal according to the first correction data and the third correction data. In the detection method obtains an accurate detection result.

A method may include pressing a sensor module onto a control board such that the sensor module is at an initial position where an air gap is present between a module body of the sensor module and the control board such that compliant pins of the sensor module are partially inserted into the control board. The method may include mounting the control board on a power module to cause pins of the power module to be at least partially inserted into the control board and the sensor module to be at least partially inserted in the power module such that a protrusion is through an opening in a busbar. The method may include pressing the control board onto the power module to cause the pins of the power module to be further inserted into the control board, the sensor module to be further inserted in the power module, and the sensor module to be at a final position.

Disclosed herein is a detection device comprising sensors with spin torque oscillators (STOs), at least one fluidic channel configured to receive molecules to be detected, and detection circuitry coupled to the sensors. At least some of the molecules to be detected are labeled by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The presence of one or more MNPs in the vicinity of a STO subjected to a bias current changes the oscillation frequency of the STO. The sensors are encapsulated by a material, such as an insulator, separating the sensors from the at least one fluidic channel. A surface of the material provides binding sites for the molecules to be detected. The detection circuitry is configured to detect changes in the oscillation frequencies of the sensors in response to presence or absence of one or more MNPs coupled to one or more binding sites associated with the sensors.

A magnetic field sensor includes a current source configured to generate a bias current, a plurality of magnetic field transducers, each having power terminals coupled to the current source and output terminals at which an output signal of the transducer is provided, wherein the power terminals of each of the plurality of magnetic field transducers are electrically coupled together in series so that the bias current flows through each of the plurality of magnetic field transducers in series. A capacitively-coupled summing amplifier has a plurality of inputs, each configured to receive the output signal of a respective one of the plurality of magnetic field transducers, and an output at which an amplified and summed signal is provided, wherein the capacitively-coupled summing amplifier is configured to amplify and sum the received output signals of the plurality of magnetic field transducers.

A sensor system for measuring a physical quantity includes: a bridge sensor having at least two terminal pairs, a current source for applying a bias current between the bias terminal pair, resulting in a differential sensor signal on a readout terminal pair, wherein the differential sensor signal is indicative for the physical quantity, and an amplifier comprising a first input node and a second input node for receiving the differential signal and at least one output node, wherein the amplifier is configured for amplifying the differential sensor signal and putting the resulting signal on the at least one output node, wherein the sensor system is configured such that, in operation, the amplifier is powered by at least part of the bias current.

A gradient magnetic field sensor includes: an AC power supply connection terminal to which a first power supply terminal included in an AC power supply is connected; a first magnetic core connected between the connection terminal and the ground; a second magnetic core connected in parallel with the first magnetic core between the connection terminal and ground; an AC current control unit connected between the connection terminal and at least one of the first magnetic core and the second magnetic core and configured to control an AC current flowing through at least one of the first and second magnetic core; a first detection coil wound around the first magnetic core; a second detection coil wound around second magnetic core and differentially-connected with the first detection coil; and a detection circuit that detects a voltage difference between first voltage output from first detection coil and second voltage output from the second.

An object of the present invention is to provide a magnetic sensor capable of, while suppressing an increase in manufacturing cost, controlling the gap size so as to make the gap between the element formation surface of the sensor chip and the magnetism collecting member as small as possible and to make variations among products fall within a certain range and a manufacturing method for such a magnetic sensor. A magnetic sensor includes a sensor chip 20a mounted on a substrate 2 such that the element formation surface 20a is perpendicular to the substrate 2 and a magnetism collecting member 30 mounted on the substrate 2 such that the surface 31 faces the substrate 2 and the surface 32 faces the element formation surface 20a. The surfaces 31 and 32 of the magnetism collecting member 30 have flatness higher than that of the other surfaces thereof.

A structure for magnetic flux sensor conditioning is presented which partitions an input analog signal of unknown integrity into two: susceptible and insusceptible. The structure scrutinizes the susceptible signal partition, in view of additional guard sensor information, through a mixed-signal processing side-chain that employs a non-invasive physical magnetic attack detection algorithm. The side-chain either validates, or replaces with a best estimate, the susceptible signal partition, depending upon the absence or presence of attack, respectively. The structure finally recombines the scrutinized susceptible signal partition with the insusceptible signal partition. The result is an analog magnetic flux sensor signal that is robust against skillful, surreptitious, spoofing attacks. If unmitigated, such attacks may induce catastrophic consequences into systems relying upon the magnetic flux sensor.

In a method of testing a multilayer structure containing a magnetic layer, one or more network parameters are measured of a waveguide that is electromagnetically coupled with the multilayer structure as a function of frequency and as a function of a magnetic field applied to the multilayer structure during the measuring of the network parameters. Based on the measured one or more network parameters, at least one magnetic property of the magnetic layer of the multilayer structure is determined. The network parameters in some embodiments are S-parameters. The at least one magnetic property may include an effective anisotropy field of the magnetic layer and/or a damping constant of the magnetic layer.