A first conductor includes a first base section and a first narrow section. The area of the exterior surface of the first narrow section as viewed from a direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to an insulating layer is smaller than that of the first base section. The first base section and the first narrow section are provided side by side in the direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the insulating layer. A stress relaxer including a material different from that of the first conductor is provided in a region which is surrounded by the exterior surface of the first narrow section and also by the exterior surface of the first base section, as viewed from the direction perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the insulating layer.

Magnetic particle actuating systems may include a magnet system configured to generate a magnetic field that includes a field-free region. A corresponding control system can be configured to control the magnet system to create a field-free region at least partially matching a target region. An excitation system can be configured to generate an excitation field to cause actuation of magnetic nanoparticles in an actuation region.

Provided is an apparatus and method of correcting a magnetic field of a high-temperature chamber. The apparatus includes a high-temperature magnetic field sensor unit for being inserted into a high-temperature chamber in a high-temperature environment and detecting a magnetic field generated by a magnet heater, a magnetic field comparing unit for comparing a result of detection of the high-temperature magnetic field sensor unit with a target magnetic field and obtaining a difference between the detected magnetic field and the target magnetic field, and a current parameter controller for correcting current parameters according to a result of comparison of the magnetic field comparing unit and controlling the magnet heater.

Provided is a current detection device including: a first board; a second board provided above the first board in parallel to the first board; a magnetic measurement element provided between the first board and the second board; a first coil having at least one of a first wire provided on the first board or a second wire provided on the second board and having a first connection conductor connected to the first wire provided on the first board or the second wire provided on the second board; and a second coil having at least one of a third wire provided on the first board or a fourth wire provided on the second board and having a second connection conductor connected to the third wire provided on the first board or the fourth wire provided on the second board, the second coil being connected to the first coil such that magnetic fields generated in the first coil and the second coil by a current for electrically conducting the first coil and the second coil have the same direction.

A hybrid read head structure for two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) in a disk drive has two stacked current-perpendicular-to-the plane magnetoresistive (CPP-MR) read heads or sensors substantially aligned with one another in the along-the track direction to enable both sensors to read data from the same data track. The structure is a hybrid structure formed on the disk drive slider with the lower sensor being a dual free layer (DFL) or scissoring type of CPP-MR sensor and the upper sensor being a single free layer (SFL) type of CPP-MR sensor.

A biomagnetic measurement system includes a magnetism measurement apparatus configured to measure a magnetism of a target; and an electrical stimulation apparatus configured to apply a stimulation current to the target. The magnetism measurement apparatus includes a confirming unit configured to confirm a magnitude of an artifact caused by the stimulation current. The electrical stimulation apparatus is configured to output a compensation current for reducing the artifact after the stimulation current is output, based on information from the confirming unit.

A current sensor includes a magnetic detection element that senses a magnetic flux generated from a current path to perform electromagnetic conversion, and at least two magnetic shields that are arranged around the magnetic detection element and shield an external magnetic flux affecting the magnetic detection element. The at least two magnetic shields include a first magnetic shield and a second magnetic shield facing each other across the magnetic detection element and the current path. At least one of the first magnetic shield and the second magnetic shield includes at least two base portions and a coupling portion coupling the at least two base portions. The at least one of the first magnetic shield and the second magnetic field has a recess recessed from a periphery in a surface facing the other of the first magnetic shield and the second magnetic shield.

A magnetic field measurement system for measurement of weak magnetic field signals or a wearable assembly includes at least one magnetometer and a shield disposed around the magnetometer. The shield includes a first portion configured for positioning between the at least one magnetometer and a source of the weak magnetic field signals. The first portion is made of an amplitude-selective magnetic shield (ASMS) that preferentially passes magnetic fields having a magnetic field amplitude below a threshold (for example, 500 nT or less) and shields magnetic fields having a larger magnetic field amplitude.

A magnetic field sensor includes a magnetic sense element and a shield structure formed on a substrate. The shield structure fully encircles the magnetic sense element for suppressing stray magnetic fields along a first axis and a second axis, both of which are parallel to a surface of the substrate and perpendicular to one another. A magnetic field is oriented along a third axis perpendicular to the surface of the substrate, and the magnetic sense element is configured to sense a magnetic field along the first axis. A magnetic field deflection element, formed on the substrate proximate the magnetic sense element, redirects the magnetic field from the third axis into the first axis to be sensed as a measurement magnetic field by the magnetic sense element. At least two magnetic field sensors, each fully encircled by a shield structure, form a gradient unit for determining a magnetic field gradient.

A current sensor includes plural bus bars which are each formed rectangular in a cross section, a pair of shield plates that include a magnetic material and are arranged so as to collectively sandwich the plural bus bars therebetween, and plural magnetic detection elements that are each arranged between the bus bars and one of the shield plates. A distance d between a detection position of a magnetic field intensity at an arbitrary one of the magnetic detection elements and a center position in the width direction between one of the bus bars corresponding to the arbitrary magnetic detection element and an other of the bus bars adjacent thereto in the width direction satisfies the following expression: d/w+0.023(w/h)0.36 where a width of the shield plates is w and an interval along a height direction of the shield plates is h.