The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for uniquely identifying buried utilities in a multi-utility region by sensing magnetic fields emitted from the buried utilities.

The present invention relates to a magnetometric device that measures the magnetic properties of a sample and whose most notable characteristic lies in that it is portable and highly precise, and can be used for the detection of a magnetic signal from nanostructures exposed to a fixed external magnetic field of excitation, of a unique value, it not being possible to alter the external magnetic field. The fixed external field can only be altered by modifying the device by means of exchanging the permanent magnets; however, once the device is sealed, this field does not vary. Different quantities of the same magnetic material may be placed in the sample holder, increasing the measurement signal; the present device can therefore determine the magnetic mass being measured following calibration of the magnetic material employed.

Magnetic core assemblies include a skewing feature that introduces transverse components into the power flux density vector are disclosed herein. A magnetic core assembly comprises a lower core having a center section and an upper core having a center section. The center sections are aligned to form a center post. A power winding that receives current is wrapped around the center post. The core assembly further comprises a power flux density vector that has transverse and non-transverse components. The transverse components have a higher magnetic reluctance than the non-transverse components. When the assembly is used with a transverse winding, the transverse components from the magnetic core assembly produce a transverse voltage waveform on the transverse winding. The transverse voltage waveform may be observed to detect a change in the sign of the slope of the transverse voltage waveform. The change in the sign of the slope indicates magnetic saturation.