In a current sensor, primary conductors each include front and back surfaces, a length direction, a width direction orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the length direction, and a thickness direction orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the length direction and the width direction, and further include a bent portion surrounding at least a portion of an outer periphery of a housing at an intermediate position in the length direction when viewed in the width direction. The housing is disposed in a region surrounded by the bent portion of each of the plurality of primary conductors when viewed in the width direction.

A detection device, including: one or a plurality of magnetic coupling elements configured to have one or a plurality of coils; and a detection unit that measures or calculates an effective resistance values of the magnetic coupling elements or an effective resistance value of a circuit including at least the magnetic coupling elements and determines a presence or absence of a foreign substance based on a change in the effective resistance value.

A method is provided for measuring a thickness of a layer of rubber-like material. The layer of rubber-like material includes a free face in contact with air and a face joined to an adjacent reinforcement made of elements electrically insulated from one another. Each of the elements includes at least one hysteretic material having a magnetic permeability greater than the magnetic permeability of air. According to the method, a sensitive element, which emits an alternating magnetic field, is brought towards the layer of rubber-like material whose thickness is to be measured, hysteretic losses in the adjacent reinforcement are measured at terminals of the sensitive element, and a thickness of the layer of rubber-like material is evaluated based on the hysteretic losses.

A vector-magnetic-property-controlling material according to the present embodiment is subjected to a scratching process in two directions that intersect on the surface of a steel material. An iron core according to the present embodiment is configured from an oriented magnetic steel material which has been subjected to a scratching process in two directions that intersect on the surface thereof.

A magnetic current sensor including a Wheatstone bridge circuit formed of four magnetoresistance devices; bias magnetic field application that applies a bias magnetic field to the magnetoresistance devices; and air-core coils provided on both sides of the Wheatstone bridge circuit. The Wheatstone bridge circuit generates a voltage corresponding to an induction magnetic field generated by a current to be measured flowing through the air-core coils. According to the magnetic current sensor and current measurement method, the linearity between a current and an output voltage is near 0 mA as a result of magnetic hysteresis being suppressed, and an increase in current and a reduction in size and cost are realized as a result of insulation between the current circuit side and the MR device side being excellent.

An apparatus for monitoring a magnetic core, wherein the apparatus provides a measurement winding which is magnetically coupled to the magnetic core to be monitored, a comparison inductance which is electrically connected in series with the winding and an electronic processing unit which is designed to determine the saturation behavior of the magnetic core to be monitored. The electronic processing unit is also configured to record a first electrical signal occurring at the measurement winding and a second electrical signal occurring at the comparison inductance in response to an electrical measurement signal applied to the measurement winding, and to determine the saturation behavior of the magnetic core to be monitored on the basis of the first and second electrical signals. This makes it possible to easily monitor the saturation behavior of a magnetic core and to reliably detect the occurrence of saturation of the magnetic core.

A magnetic sensor is provided with a magnet and a magnetic sensitive element, the magnetic sensitive element responses to a magnetic field generated by a magnetic code in a banknote which is magnetized by the magnet, the whole or part of a hysteretic loop process is completed when the magnetic code is magnetized by the magnet while passing by the surface of the magnetic sensor. A method for quantitatively identifying magnetic hysteresis loop characteristics of magnetic code, the whole or part of the hysteretic loop process is completed when the magnetic code is magnetized by the magnet while passing by the surface of the magnetic sensor, the magnetic sensor reads the signal of the corresponding magnetizing process, and then soft magnetism and hard magnetism properties of the magnetic code on the magnetic hysteresis loop characteristics of the magnetic code are identified.

In a current sensor, primary conductors each include front and back surfaces, a length direction, a width direction orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the length direction, and a thickness direction orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to the length direction and the width direction, and further include a bent portion surrounding at least a portion of an outer periphery of a housing at an intermediate position in the length direction when viewed in the width direction. The housing is disposed in a region surrounded by the bent portion of each of the plurality of primary conductors when viewed in the width direction.

A detection device, including: one or a plurality of magnetic coupling elements configured to have one or a plurality of coils; and a detection unit that measures or calculates an effective resistance values of the magnetic coupling elements or an effective resistance value of a circuit including at least the magnetic coupling elements and determines a presence or absence of a foreign substance based on a change in the effective resistance value.

A sensor, comprising: a magnetic field sensing module that is configured to generate a plurality of signals, each signal indicating a magnetic flux density of a different component of a magnetic field that is produced by a magnetic field source; a processing circuitry that is configured to: receive the plurality of signals from the magnetic field sensing module; evaluate a neural network based on the plurality of signals to obtain a plurality of probabilities, each of the plurality of probabilities indicating a likelihood of the magnetic field source being positioned in a different one of a plurality of positional domains; generate an output signal based on the plurality of probabilities, the output signal encoding an identifier of a current positional domain of the magnetic field source.