An optical magnetometer comprising: an optical resonator having a central void; and a magnetostrictive material located in the central void such that a change in dimension of the magnetostrictive material causes a change in mechanical modes of the optical resonator. Also a method of making the optical magnetometer.

Systems and methods are presented for cancelling noise from sensed magnetostriction-based strain measurements. A drive signal corresponds to a drive coil, and a sensed signal corresponds to a sensed coil. The drive signal is used to at least partially eliminate noise similar to the drive signal from the sensed signal to generate an output signal.

A magnetic field measuring method using a magnetoelectric composite element as an oscillator, in which a time-dependent measurement magnetic field acts on the magnetostrictive phase of the composite element, and an electrical measurement voltage is tapped off across the piezoelectric phase of the composite element and is used to infer the measurement magnetic field. At least one dielectric phase is connected to the magnetostrictive phase of the composite element by a material bond. When an electrical voltage is applied, the dielectric phase exhibits a change in length, the magnitude of which depends in a non-linear manner on the magnitude of the voltage, and a temporally periodic electrical modulation voltage is applied to the dielectric phase.

In a magnetic field analysis calculation, there is a need to consider a characteristic that a magnetic field and a flux density face in different directions from each other by a stress in a magnetic material. Therefore, a measured value of a magnetic characteristic on a condition that the magnetic field, the magnetic flux density, and a mechanical stress are parallel is used. In a method and a device for magnetic field analysis calculation, a stress magnetic anisotropy is calculated using a relation between a magnetostriction of the magnetic material, the magnetic flux density, and the stress and a relation between a magnetization curve of the magnetic material, the magnetic flux density, and the stress which are measured on a condition that the magnetic field and the stress in the magnetic material are parallel.

The disclosed technology generally relates to computation devices, and more particularly to majority gate devices configured for computation based on spin waves. In one aspect, a majority gate device comprises cells that are configurable as spin wave generators or spin wave detectors. The majority gate device comprises an odd number of spin wave generators, and at least one spin wave detector. The majority gate device additionally comprises a waveguide adapted for guiding spin waves generated by the spin wave generators. The spin wave generators and the at least one spin wave detector are positioned in an inline configuration along the waveguide such that, in operation, interference of the spin waves generated by the spin wave generators can be detected by the at least one spin wave detector. The interference of the spin waves corresponds to a majority operation of the spin waves generated by the spin wave generators.

A method for aligning a sensor with a conductive material includes inducing a first magnetic flux in the conductive material to generate a first magnetic field state, and receiving a first signal at a first signal output level from a first detector and a second signal at a second signal output level from a second detector at the first magnetic field state. The method also includes inducing a second magnetic flux in the conductive material to generate a second magnetic field state, and receiving a third signal at a third signal output level from the first detector and a fourth signal at a fourth signal output level from the second detector at the second magnetic field state. Moreover, the method includes, based on changes in the signal output levels, adjusting a position of the sensor relative to the conductive target material to adjust the signal output levels to desired levels.

A non-contact, current sensor includes a gapped magnetic core configured to circumscribe a current carrying conductor. A magnetostrictive element is mechanically coupled to the gapped magnetic core. Current flowing in the current carrying conductor induces a magnetic field in the magnetic core that flows through the magnetostrictive element. The gapped magnetic core is provided with mounting sections to which the magnetostrictive element is mechanically coupled. The mounting sections have a geometry that increases magnetic flux in the magnetostrictive element. A strain gauge is mechanically coupled to the magnetostrictive element to measure displacement in the element induced by the magnetic flux.

Provided is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having an excellent noise property in an actual transformer. Magnetostrictive properties of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are set such that the number of acceleration/deceleration points that are present in the magnetostriction velocity level d?/dt in one period of magnetostrictive vibration is 4 and the magnitude of velocity level change between adjacent velocity change points in an acceleration zone or deceleration zone of magnetostrictive vibration is 3.0?10.sup.?4 sec.sup.?1 or less.

Provided is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having an excellent noise property in an actual transformer. Magnetostrictive properties of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet are set such that the number of acceleration/deceleration points that are present in the magnetostriction velocity level d?/dt in one period of magnetostrictive vibration is 4 and the magnitude of velocity level change between adjacent velocity change points in an acceleration zone or deceleration zone of magnetostrictive vibration is 3.0?10.sup.?4 sec.sup.?1 or less.

A sensor assembly for detecting surfaces stresses and/or the microstructure state of a ferromagnetic workpiece, wherein at least one first base coil system having a first directional sensitivity is provided, at least one second base coil system having a second directional sensitivity is provided, and at least one third base coil system having a third direction and a third directional sensitivity is provided, and wherein at least the first base coil system and the second base coil system form a first differential angle and the second base coil system and the third base coil system form a second differential angle, and wherein the first base coil system, the second base coil system, and the third base coil system are arranged such that the mechanical surface stresses of the workpiece can be at least partially determined. A method for determining the mechanical surface stresses is also provided.