A transmitter is provided that is capable of communicating with a management apparatus via a network and is configured to output a plurality of sound waves in a plurality of different directions. The transmitter includes a memory storing a program, and a processor configured to execute the program to implement processes of outputting a first sound wave including first unique information in a first output direction of the plurality of different directions, outputting a second sound wave including second unique information that differs from the first unique information in a second output direction that differs from the first output direction, and individually controlling the first sound wave output by the first sound wave output unit and the second sound wave output by the second sound wave output unit based on a request from the management apparatus.

A data expansion system that provides continuum of discrete wireless small cell coverage areas for electronic devices in vehicles includes a set of traffic control devices configured to provide communicate information regarding the presence of an obstruction in a vehicle or pedestrian path. The system includes a first traffic control device configured to communicate with an electronic device in a first vehicle. The system also includes a second traffic control device communicatively coupled to the first traffic control device. The second traffic control device is configured to detect a presence of an object. The second traffic control device also is configured to communicate the presence of the object to at least one of: a network controller, the first traffic control device, or another traffic control device.

A data expansion system that provides continuum of discrete wireless small cell coverage areas for electronic devices in vehicles includes a set of traffic control devices configured to provide communicate information regarding the presence of an obstruction in a vehicle or pedestrian path. The system includes a first traffic control device configured to communicate with an electronic device in a first vehicle. The system also includes a second traffic control device communicatively coupled to the first traffic control device. The second traffic control device is configured to detect a presence of an object. The second traffic control device also is configured to communicate the presence of the object to at least one of: a network controller, the first traffic control device, or another traffic control device.

A method for detecting the direction of travel of and for determining travel in the wrong direction by a vehicle which is moving on a lane in a section of road. Identifiers are respectively emitted by an arrangement of radio beacons which are arranged along the lane. When the vehicle travels through the section of road, a radio receiver, in particular a cell phone device, which is arranged in the vehicle, successively receives the emitted identifiers of the radio beacons. The actual direction of travel of the vehicle is determined on the basis of the sequence of the successively received identifiers.

A method for detecting the direction of travel of and for determining travel in the wrong direction by a vehicle which is moving on a lane in a section of road. Identifiers are respectively emitted by an arrangement of radio beacons which are arranged along the lane. When the vehicle travels through the section of road, a radio receiver, in particular a cell phone device, which is arranged in the vehicle, successively receives the emitted identifiers of the radio beacons. The actual direction of travel of the vehicle is determined on the basis of the sequence of the successively received identifiers.

Provided are a device and a method for estimating a position using a downlink access point enabling efficient indoor position measurement at a relatively low cost. The device for estimating a position using a downlink access point includes: a plurality of downlink access points 100 installed at specific positions; and one or more user terminal 200 displaying its current position, wherein the plurality of downlink access points 100 wirelessly transmit different address codes, and the user terminal 200 estimates a position corresponding to the received address code to be its current position in the case in which it is within a wireless transmission range of the downlink access point 100.

Provided are a device and a method for estimating a position using a downlink access point enabling efficient indoor position measurement at a relatively low cost. The device for estimating a position using a downlink access point includes: a plurality of downlink access points 100 installed at specific positions; and one or more user terminal 200 displaying its current position, wherein the plurality of downlink access points 100 wirelessly transmit different address codes, and the user terminal 200 estimates a position corresponding to the received address code to be its current position in the case in which it is within a wireless transmission range of the downlink access point 100.

A tracking system determines a location of a tracking device associated with a user using one or more access points at the location. Each access point at the location is configured to detect and couple with the tracking device when the tracking device is within a communicative range of the access point. An access point provides updates on the tracking device's presence, as well as the tracking device's arrival to and departure from the communicative range of the access point, to a tracking server. The tracking server determines, from these updates, whether the tracking device is at the location. The user may be notified, via a mobile device, of the tracking device's location.

A tracking system determines a location of a tracking device associated with a user using one or more access points at the location. Each access point at the location is configured to detect and couple with the tracking device when the tracking device is within a communicative range of the access point. An access point provides updates on the tracking device's presence, as well as the tracking device's arrival to and departure from the communicative range of the access point, to a tracking server. The tracking server determines, from these updates, whether the tracking device is at the location. The user may be notified, via a mobile device, of the tracking device's location.

A system and method for deterring animals, such as pets, from entering, getting onto, or being in certain defined zones/locations created by a user. The pet monitoring system includes a smart collar configured to communicate with a plurality of powered transceivers/transmitters, particularly Bluetooth transmitters and transceivers. Each of the transceivers or transmitters has a unique ID associated with it. The smart collar, a smartphone or other wireless communicating device can read and record the signal strength of each of the transmitters at various locations and use that information to create prohibited zones that can be downloaded onto the smart collar. The smart collar can also contain a stimulus emitter for providing a warning to the animal and a communication device configured to alert the owner.