A system is provided for generating an alert to the presence of emission vapors for a low altitude in-flight aircraft. An obstacle database and a terrain database provide parameters for obstacles and terrain features to a synthetic vision processor. The processor creates a graphic overlay of the terrain and obstacles that is combined with thermal images of emission vapors by a combined vision processor to create a combined synthetic image. An emissions threat calculator analyzes the synthetic image for the presence of emission vapors. If any emission vapors are detected in proximity to the aircraft, an alert and suggested maneuvers to avoid the emission vapors are sent to the aircraft.

An example unmanned aerial vehicle includes an electromagnetic radiation (EMR) sensor. The EMR sensor detects a signal indicative of a direction of emission of the signal. The unmanned aerial vehicle also includes a nozzle to eject the substance based on the direction of emission.

A solar tracker system including a tracker apparatus including a plurality of solar modules, each of the solar modules being spatially configured to face in a normal manner in an on sun position in an incident direction of electromagnetic radiation derived from the sun, wherein the solar modules include a plurality of PV strings, and a tracker controller. The tracker controller includes a processor, a memory, a power supply configured to provide power to the tracker controller, a plurality of power inputs configured to receive a plurality of currents from the plurality of PV strings, a current sensing unit configured to individually monitor the plurality of currents, a DC-DC power converter configured to receive the plurality of power inputs powered from the plurality of PV strings to supply power to the power supply, and a motor controller, wherein the tracker controller is configured to track the sun position.

A solar tracker system including a tracker apparatus including a plurality of solar modules, each of the solar modules being spatially configured to face in a normal manner in an on sun position in an incident direction of electromagnetic radiation derived from the sun, wherein the solar modules include a plurality of PV strings, and a tracker controller. The tracker controller includes a processor, a memory, a power supply configured to provide power to the tracker controller, a plurality of power inputs configured to receive a plurality of currents from the plurality of PV strings, a current sensing unit configured to individually monitor the plurality of currents, a DC-DC power converter configured to receive the plurality of power inputs powered from the plurality of PV strings to supply power to the power supply, and a motor controller, wherein the tracker controller is configured to track the sun position.

A vector light sensor (VLS) includes a substrate and a sensor structure. The substrate includes a major surface. The sensor structure includes a pyramid structure, light-sensitive areas, and electrical contacts. The pyramid structure forms at least a portion of a body of the sensor structure and has predefined angles between the major surface of the substrate and a plurality of sidewalls of the pyramid. The light-sensitive areas are formed on two or more of the plurality of sidewalls of the pyramid structure. The electrical contacts are electrically coupled to the light-sensitive areas. Information about the information about intensity and direction of an incident light beam can be extracted by comparing signals from two or more of the light-sensitive areas.

A vector light sensor (VLS) includes a substrate and a sensor structure. The substrate includes a major surface. The sensor structure includes a pyramid structure, light-sensitive areas, and electrical contacts. The pyramid structure forms at least a portion of a body of the sensor structure and has predefined angles between the major surface of the substrate and a plurality of sidewalls of the pyramid. The light-sensitive areas are formed on two or more of the plurality of sidewalls of the pyramid structure. The electrical contacts are electrically coupled to the light-sensitive areas. Information about the information about intensity and direction of an incident light beam can be extracted by comparing signals from two or more of the light-sensitive areas.

According to examples of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a system for estimating a source location of a projectile, comprising an optics an optics subsystem, a radar subsystem and a processor. The processor is adapted to use range and velocity measurements obtained from data provided by the radar subsystem, a source direction and an event start time obtained from data provided by the optical subsystem and a predefined kinematic model for the projectile for estimating a range to a source location of the projectile.

According to examples of the presently disclosed subject matter, there is provided a system for estimating a source location of a projectile, comprising an optics an optics subsystem, a radar subsystem and a processor. The processor is adapted to use range and velocity measurements obtained from data provided by the radar subsystem, a source direction and an event start time obtained from data provided by the optical subsystem and a predefined kinematic model for the projectile for estimating a range to a source location of the projectile.

The system has multiple, infrared cameras 8 adjusted to spatially detect infrared radiance in different bands of infrared light, and connected to an image processing computer that processes and combines the images, and generates video display signals for producing a video display which indicates the position of the adverse atmospheric conditions relative to the aircraft. Each of the cameras is provided with a respective filter adjusted to filter infrared light with a bandwidth corresponding to infrared bandwidth characteristics of an adverse atmospheric condition from a set of adverse atmospheric conditions. The image processing computer is adapted to identify adverse atmospheric conditions, based on threshold conditions and using the detected infrared radiance, data from a look-up table and measured parameters including information on the position and/or attitude of the aircraft. The image processing computer is further adapted to display the identified adverse atmospheric conditions as a spatial image on a display.

The system has multiple, infrared cameras 8 adjusted to spatially detect infrared radiance in different bands of infrared light, and connected to an image processing computer that processes and combines the images, and generates video display signals for producing a video display which indicates the position of the adverse atmospheric conditions relative to the aircraft. Each of the cameras is provided with a respective filter adjusted to filter infrared light with a bandwidth corresponding to infrared bandwidth characteristics of an adverse atmospheric condition from a set of adverse atmospheric conditions. The image processing computer is adapted to identify adverse atmospheric conditions, based on threshold conditions and using the detected infrared radiance, data from a look-up table and measured parameters including information on the position and/or attitude of the aircraft. The image processing computer is further adapted to display the identified adverse atmospheric conditions as a spatial image on a display.