A probe laser beam causes molecules to transition from a ground state to an excited state. A control laser beam causes molecules in the excited state to transition to a laser-induced Rydberg state. Microwave lenses convert a microwave wavefront into respective microwave beams. The microwave beams are counter-propagated through molecules so as to create a microwave interference pattern of alternating maxima and minima. The microwave interference pattern is imposed on the probe beam as a probe transmission pattern. The propagation direction of the microwave wavefront can be determined from the translational position of the probe transmission pattern; the intensity of the microwave wavefront can be determined by the intensity difference between the minima and maxima of the probe transmission pattern.

A device includes a multiple-wavelength (e.g., dual wavelength) vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) array including a first VCSEL set including one or more first VCSEL to emit first VCSEL radiation at a first wavelength, and a second VCSEL set including one or more second VCSEL to emit second VCSEL radiation at a second wavelength different than the first wavelength. The device includes upstream optics to upstream optics to (a) collimate the first VCSEL radiation emitted by the first VCSEL set and (b) collimate the second VCSEL radiation emitted by the second VCSEL set. The device also includes a vapor cell to receive the collimated first VCSEL radiation and the collimated second VCSEL radiation and to provide an output beam as a function of the received collimated first VCSEL radiation and collimated second VCSEL radiation, and measurement circuitry to analyze the output beam provided by the vapor cell.

Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a measuring device of zenith angle, which relates to the technical field of angle measurement and is used to measure solar zenith angle. A light receiving member includes solar panels, a support frame with a regular pyramid structure, and a first counterweight member. Light intensity processing circuits are electrically connected to the solar panels and determine a rotation angle of the support frame based on intensity of light received by each solar panel; a direction adjusting member is electrically connected to the light intensity processing circuits to adjust angles of the support frame in both vertical direction and horizontal direction. The embodiments of the present disclosure have a simple structure, and can avoid limitations on placement angles of the device, measure a zenith angle quickly and accurately, reduce measurement costs, and be made into a small-sized device to facilitate outdoor carrying.

Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a measuring device of zenith angle, which relates to the technical field of angle measurement and is used to measure solar zenith angle. A light receiving member includes solar panels, a support frame with a regular pyramid structure, and a first counterweight member. Light intensity processing circuits are electrically connected to the solar panels and determine a rotation angle of the support frame based on intensity of light received by each solar panel; a direction adjusting member is electrically connected to the light intensity processing circuits to adjust angles of the support frame in both vertical direction and horizontal direction. The embodiments of the present disclosure have a simple structure, and can avoid limitations on placement angles of the device, measure a zenith angle quickly and accurately, reduce measurement costs, and be made into a small-sized device to facilitate outdoor carrying.

Solar trackers that may be advantageously employed on sloped and/or variable terrain to rotate solar panels to track motion of the sun across the sky include bearing assemblies and other mechanical features configured to address mechanical challenges posed by the sloped and/or variable terrain that might otherwise prevent or complicate use of solar trackers on such terrain.

Solar trackers that may be advantageously employed on sloped and/or variable terrain to rotate solar panels to track motion of the sun across the sky include bearing assemblies and other mechanical features configured to address mechanical challenges posed by the sloped and/or variable terrain that might otherwise prevent or complicate use of solar trackers on such terrain.

A warning receiver includes an anamorphic lens positioned to receive light within a field-of-view (FOV) defined by first and second angles that are orthogonal to each other and compress the light along the first orthogonal angle into a single line along the second orthogonal angle. A dispersive element is positioned to separate the single line of light into a plurality of wavelengths to produce a two-dimensional light field indexed by the second orthogonal angle and wavelength. A pixelated detector is positioned to receive the light field and readout electrical signals indexed by the second orthogonal angle and wavelength. A processor coupled to the pixelated detector process the electrical signals to detect and characterize an optical source within the FOV.

A warning receiver includes an anamorphic lens positioned to receive light within a field-of-view (FOV) defined by first and second angles that are orthogonal to each other and compress the light along the first orthogonal angle into a single line along the second orthogonal angle. A dispersive element is positioned to separate the single line of light into a plurality of wavelengths to produce a two-dimensional light field indexed by the second orthogonal angle and wavelength. A pixelated detector is positioned to receive the light field and readout electrical signals indexed by the second orthogonal angle and wavelength. A processor coupled to the pixelated detector process the electrical signals to detect and characterize an optical source within the FOV.

A system and method for a master platform includes receiving first pose data associated with an image sensor of a first device, and a first semantic map generated by the first device, the first semantic map including a simplified object representation in a coordinate space of the first device. The master platform also receives second pose data associated with an image sensor of a second device, and a second semantic map generated by the second device, the second semantic map including a simplified object representation in a coordinate space of the second device. A shared simplified object representation common to the first and semantic maps is identified. The master platform further combines the first semantic and second semantic maps based on the first and second pose data. The first pose data, first semantic map, second pose data, and second semantic map are associated with a common time interval.

An apparatus includes a substrate, a first patterned layer, and a second patterned layer. The first patterned layer may be coupled to the substrate and may have a first metasurface pattern. The second patterned layer disposed separately from the substrate and the first patterned layer, and may have a second metasurface pattern. Movement of the first patterned layer relative to the second patterned layer may be controllable via control circuitry such that a gap distance of a gap between the first patterned layer and the second patterned layer is changed to cause a transmittance for radiant energy of a selected wavelength passing through the apparatus to change from a first transmittance value to a second transmittance value.