A device for estimating a fixed position of a wireless communication is provided. The device comprises a radio connected to an antenna array, a memory and a process. The radio can receive a first signal transmitted from a first direction by the wireless communication device to the movable device, and a second signal transmitted from a second direction by the wireless communication device to the movable device. The processor can calculate a first angle of arrival (AOA) a second AOA. The processor can estimate the fixed position of the wireless communication device based on the first AOA, the second AOA, the first position and the second position.

A phase rotation amount of each of subcarriers is calculated by calculating a difference between the first phase difference and the second phase difference between consecutive subcarriers included in radio signals, and performing phase addition processing based on the difference. A characteristic coefficient regarding a change rate of the phase rotation amount of each of the subcarriers with respect to a frequency is calculated by performing a linear regression analysis of the relationship between a frequency and the phase rotation amount, and a distance is estimated based on the characteristic coefficient.

Presented are intelligent electronic footwear and apparel with controller-automated features, methods for making/operating such footwear and apparel, and control systems for executing automated features of such footwear and apparel. A method for operating an intelligent electronic shoe (IES) includes receiving, e.g., via a controller through a wireless communications device from a GPS satellite service, location data of a user. The controller also receives, e.g., from a backend server-class computer or other remote computing node, location data for a target object or site, such as a virtual shoe hidden at a virtual spot. The controller retrieves or predicts path plan data including a derived route for traversing from the user's location to the target's location within a geographic area. The controller then transmits command signals to a navigation alert system mounted to the IES's shoe structure to output visual, audio, and/or tactile cues that guide the user along the derived route.

Embodiments of a method of locating a guideway mounted vehicle are disclosed. In one embodiment, a communication signal is transmitted to a wayside communication device. A range estimation is obtained based on the communication signal. A radar signal is transmitted to at least one reflector. An accuracy of the range estimation is increased based on the radar signal.

There is disclosed a system for locating an object on a surface waveguide. The surface waveguide is made of one or more 1D wires and/or 2D waveguides comprising conductive elements arranged in patterns. Emitters with known positions can couple with receivers coupled with the surface waveguide. The position of receivers can be determined, for example by multilateration or signal strength indication. Conductive elements can be sprayed or sewed or otherwise deposited onto surfaces such as a ground floor, a sidewalk or a road lane. Described developments comprise the use of absorbers, protective layers, unidirectional emitters, contactless coupling, and various arrangements comprising frequency-selective layers, arrangements in lattices, trellis or anisotropic surfaces. Signal processing aspects and software embodiments are also described.

There is disclosed a system for locating an object on a surface waveguide. The surface waveguide is made of one or more 1D wires and/or 2D waveguides comprising conductive elements arranged in patterns. Emitters with known positions can couple with receivers coupled with the surface waveguide. The position of receivers can be determined, for example by multilateration or signal strength indication. Conductive elements can be sprayed or sewed or otherwise deposited onto surfaces such as a ground floor, a sidewalk or a road lane. Described developments comprise the use of absorbers, protective layers, unidirectional emitters, contactless coupling, and various arrangements comprising frequency-selective layers, arrangements in lattices, trellis or anisotropic surfaces. Signal processing aspects and software embodiments are also described.

A first communication device transmits a first physical layer protocol data units (PPDU) that includes a first null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame as part of a first ranging measurement exchange. The first communication device transmits a first null data packet (NDP) as part of the first ranging measurement exchange, and records a transmit time of the first NDP. The first communication device determines whether a second NDP was received correctly from a second communication device as part of the first ranging measurement exchange. In response to determining that the second NDP was not received correctly, the first communication device commences a second ranging measurement exchange, including transmitting a second PPDU that includes a second NDPA frame as part of the second ranging measurement exchange.

A first communication device transmits a first physical layer protocol data units (PPDU) that includes a first null data packet announcement (NDPA) frame as part of a first ranging measurement exchange. The first communication device transmits a first null data packet (NDP) as part of the first ranging measurement exchange, and records a transmit time of the first NDP. The first communication device determines whether a second NDP was received correctly from a second communication device as part of the first ranging measurement exchange. In response to determining that the second NDP was not received correctly, the first communication device commences a second ranging measurement exchange, including transmitting a second PPDU that includes a second NDPA frame as part of the second ranging measurement exchange.

UE location determined by collecting and preprocessing signal data at a detector and sending extracted data to a remote locate server. The detector buffers samples from signals provided by receive channels, detects known reference signals from receive channels based on reference signal parameters, isolates symbols carrying the reference signal from frames, extracts data from symbols, and sends extracted data to locate server. The locate server receives the extracted data, estimates locate observables based on the extracted data and calculates the UE location based on the estimated locate observables, the reference signal parameters and the extracted data. The detector and/or the server may also generate correlation coefficients between reference signals carrying spectrum received from a serving cell and utilize the correlation coefficients to cancel a serving cell signal in symbols that include known in advance reference signals from the serving cell and one or more neighboring cells of the wireless system.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may be configured to perform positioning determination procedures, such as angle-based positioning procedures, with a base station to determine the position of the UE relative to the base station. To avoid positioning ambiguities that may result from antenna element spacing of an antenna module of the UE at some frequencies, such as mutual coupling or grating lobes, a UE may transmit a capability message indicating the capability of the UE related to the positioning procedures. In some cases, the UE may de-activate one or more antenna elements to increase the spacing between the antenna elements so as to mitigate mutual coupling when transmitting or receiving positioning reference signals. In some cases, the UE may request that the positioning reference signals be scheduled on some frequencies, not scheduled on other frequencies, or both.