Provided is a positioning apparatus including a communicator including at least three transceivers that are arranged in a first line; and a processor configured to calculate a first phase difference between reference signals received by a first transceiver pair arranged in the first line, a second phase difference between reference signals received by a second transceiver pair arranged in the first line, and a third phase difference between reference signals received by a third transceiver pair arranged in the first line, to determine an integer ambiguity of the second phase difference and an integer ambiguity of the third phase difference based on the first phase difference, and to calculate a position of an apparatus to be positioned based on the second phase difference, the integer ambiguity of the second phase difference, the third phase difference, and the integer ambiguity of the third phase difference.

Provided is a positioning apparatus including a communicator including at least three transceivers that are arranged in a first line; and a processor configured to calculate a first phase difference between reference signals received by a first transceiver pair arranged in the first line, a second phase difference between reference signals received by a second transceiver pair arranged in the first line, and a third phase difference between reference signals received by a third transceiver pair arranged in the first line, to determine an integer ambiguity of the second phase difference and an integer ambiguity of the third phase difference based on the first phase difference, and to calculate a position of an apparatus to be positioned based on the second phase difference, the integer ambiguity of the second phase difference, the third phase difference, and the integer ambiguity of the third phase difference.

Methods and apparatus for operating a wearable eye covering via a user interface based upon electromagnetic radiation received from a radio target area. More specifically, the present invention relates to methods and systems for receiving electromagnetic radiation received from a radio target area, and presenting digital content in a user interactive interface, based upon at least one of: eye movement and finger movement tracked via sensors in the wearable eye covering.

Methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., directed to performing positioning of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) while it is in idle mode and/or inactive mode (collectively idle/inactive mode) in NR are disclosed herein. Performing positioning, including positioning measurement and/or reporting, in idle/inactive mode may allow for increased positioning accuracy and/or decreased latency of location determination. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit a positioning measurement report in various ways, including (i) in a Random-Access Channel (RACH) preamble; (ii) appended to a RACH preamble; and/or (iii) in a Physical Uplink Shared Channel. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit uplink-based positioning related reference signals. In various embodiments, a WTRU in an idle/inactive mode may transmit, over a dedicated physical channel, (e.g., downlink) positioning measurement reports and/or reference signals (RSs) for uplink positioning measurements.

Methods, apparatuses, systems, etc., directed to performing positioning of a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) while it is in idle mode and/or inactive mode (collectively idle/inactive mode) in NR are disclosed herein. Performing positioning, including positioning measurement and/or reporting, in idle/inactive mode may allow for increased positioning accuracy and/or decreased latency of location determination. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit a positioning measurement report in various ways, including (i) in a Random-Access Channel (RACH) preamble; (ii) appended to a RACH preamble; and/or (iii) in a Physical Uplink Shared Channel. In various embodiments, a WTRU in idle/inactive mode may transmit uplink-based positioning related reference signals. In various embodiments, a WTRU in an idle/inactive mode may transmit, over a dedicated physical channel, (e.g., downlink) positioning measurement reports and/or reference signals (RSs) for uplink positioning measurements.

Apparatus is provided for determining a position relative to a reference transceiver. The apparatus includes an antenna configured to communicate with the reference transceiver and a receiver in logical communication with the antenna. A transmitter is also in logical communication with the antenna. A digital storage contains software executable upon demand via a processor in logical communication with the digital storage. The processor is operative via execution of the software to cause the apparatus to display a user interface on a visual display that includes a symbol indicating the direction of the reference transceiver in relation to the apparatus and a distance between the apparatus and the reference transceiver.

An Agent supportable device for determining a direction of an item of interest. The Agent supportable device includes an antenna configured to communicate with the reference transceiver associated with the item of interest. A receiver in the Agent supportable device is in logical communication with the antenna. A transmitter is also in logical communication with the antenna. A digital storage contains software executable upon demand via a processor in logical communication with the digital storage. The processor is operative via execution of the software to cause the apparatus to display a user interface on a visual display that includes an arrow indicating a direction of the item of interest in relation to the apparatus and a distance between the apparatus and the item of interest.

The current disclosure discloses a method for determining a location of a user device in an industrial facility. The method includes: transmitting a localization request to a location controller via a first base station; receiving a response message at a second time instance from the first base station; transmitting a timing message to the first base station; transmitting a polling message to a second base station; receiving a second response message at a fifth time instance from the second base station; and transmitting a second timing message to the second base station. The location controller is configured to determine the location of the user device based on transmission time instances and reception time instances associated with the localization request, the polling message, the first and second response messages, and the first and second timing messages.

In one aspect, a process for position estimation entails, at a first device, obtaining from a second device information including (a) at least one direct distance estimate corresponding to a distance between the second device and a third device, (b) at least one direct angle estimate corresponding to a spanning angle formed involving the second device and a third device, or both (a) and (b). The process may further entail, at the first device, determining a position estimate for the first device based on (a) the at least one direct distance estimate, (b) the at least one direct angle estimate, or both (a) and (b). The first device and the third device may be out of range with respect to one another to make a direct distance measurement between the first device and the third device.

A train-position detection device includes: a radio-wave's angle-of-arrival calculator configured to calculate an angle of arrival of a radio wave on the basis of a reception signal received by an array antenna and a receiver; a position acquisition unit configured to acquire information on an installation position of a ground-based wireless communication apparatus from the reception signal; a train-position calculator configured to calculate a train position on the basis of a movement distance of a train; a correction-amount-to-train-position calculator configured to calculate a train-position correction amount, by using the calculated angle of arrival, the installation position of the ground-based wireless communication apparatus acquired by the position acquisition unit, and the calculated train position; and a train-position correcting unit configured to correct the calculated train position by using the train-position correction amount calculated by the correction-amount-to-train-position calculator.