Provided is an array antenna divided into a plurality of sub-arrays disposed along a first dimension, wherein each sub-array comprises: a plurality of frequency scannable elements disposed along the first dimension and a plurality of phase shifters or transmit/receive (T/R) modules disposed along a second spatial dimension, each phase shifter or T/R module connected to a plurality of frequency scannable elements disposed along the first spatial dimension; and one or more processors being configured to generate a recurring radar waveform having a transmit portion, the transmit portion having multiple successive pulses at different frequencies to generate transmit beams by the array antenna at different angles in the first dimension; control at least one of the plurality of phase shifters or T/R modules along the second dimension to cause the transmit beams to be generated by the array antenna at different angles in the second dimension; and process return signals received by the plurality of sub-arrays to estimate a target location.

An ultrasonic imaging apparatus includes a plurality of transducers that transmit ultrasonic waves and a transmission unit that supplies drive signals to the plurality of transducers. An amplitude control voltage generation unit and a transmission circuit unit are connected to a common voltage power supply. An amplitude control voltage generation unit receives an output voltage of the voltage power supply and an attenuation degree setting signal instructing an attenuation degree of the drive signal for each of the transducers for weighting of the drive signal, and generates an amplitude control voltage corresponding to a voltage obtained by attenuating the output voltage by the attenuation degree. The output voltage of the voltage power supply is reduced to a voltage corresponding to the amplitude control voltage, and a drive signal having a predetermined waveform is generated whose amplitude is the voltage after the reduction for each of the transducers.

A radar apparatus and an interference suppression method are provided. The radar apparatus includes a clock generator, an analog to digital converter (ADC), and a notch filter. The clock generator is configured to generate a sampling frequency. The ADC is coupled to the clock generator, and is configured to convert an analog signal into a digital signal according to the sampling frequency. The notch filter is coupled to the ADC, and is configured to attenuate one or more interfered frequencies of the digital signal. The interfered frequencies are related to the sampling frequency. Accordingly, the interference at a specific frequency and harmonics thereof may be suppressed.

An ultra-wideband, UWB, receiver module (213) comprising: an antenna for wirelessly receiving UWB signalling from a UWB transmitter module (212) and a processor. The processor is configured to: determine a channel impulse response, CIR, (519) of the wirelessly received UWB signalling, wherein the CIR comprises a plurality of channel taps each having a tap-response-value; identify a predetermined feature (520) in the CIR and an associated channel tap; and based on the channel tap that is associated with the identified feature (520) in the CIR (519), synchronize the UWB receiver module (213) for reception of subsequent UWB signalling.

Techniques are provided for radio frequency (RF) sensing using a single wireless device. An example method for determining a distance to an object with radio frequency sensing includes transmitting a radio frequency signal with a transmit channel on a wireless device, receiving a leakage signal with a receive channel on the wireless device at a first time, such that the leakage signal is based on the radio frequency signal, receiving a reflected signal with the receive channel on the wireless device at a second time, such that the reflected signal is based on the radio frequency signal reflecting from the object, and determining the distance to the object based at least in part on a difference between the first time and the second time.

Systems and methods for modulation and demodulation using a micro-Doppler effect are described. In an embodiment, the method includes radiating, using a picosecond pulse generator with an antenna, a train of THz pulses that form a frequency comb, where the frequency comb is reflected from an object such that the frequency several tones in the frequency comb are shifted based on the speed of the object and demodulating the reflected frequency comb to recover a THz Doppler signature of the object.

Systems and methods for modulation and demodulation using a micro-Doppler effect are described. In an embodiment, the method includes radiating, using a picosecond pulse generator with an antenna, a train of THz pulses that form a frequency comb, where the frequency comb is reflected from an object such that the frequency several tones in the frequency comb are shifted based on the speed of the object and demodulating the reflected frequency comb to recover a THz Doppler signature of the object.

A rodless guide microwave radiation device, system, and method is disclosed for measuring at least one characteristic of a liquid in a vessel. A hollow metal waveguide conveys microwave radiation and is adapted to be disposed in a vessel for containing a liquid, the waveguide having a first end and a second end. A single chip radar sensor mounted on a PCB is disposed proximal to the first end of the hollow waveguide. The radar sensor is configured to transmit millimeter wavelength signals into the first end of the hollow waveguide for propagating down the waveguide toward the second end, and receive a return echo from the signal based upon a change in impedance upon encountering the liquid and propagating in the reverse direction of the waveguide, the single chip radar sensor including electronic circuitry for determining at least one characteristic of the liquid located in the waveguide based on detection of an impedance change according to time domain reflectometry. A mount assembly is configured to position the single chip radar sensor mounted on the printed circuit board over the first end of the hollow waveguide for transmitting and receiving the microwave radiation via the hollow waveguide; and a barrier structure sealingly protects the single chip radar mounted on said printed circuit board from exposure to contaminants within the hollow waveguide, while permitting microwave propagation between the single chip radar and the liquid through the hollow waveguide. In embodiments, the waveguide may be rigid, bent, curved, or flexible, and the radar and PCB may be outside or within the waveguide.

Disclosed is a method and apparatus for generating a radar signal, in which performance of radar detection is ensured while increasing a spectrum efficiency in a radar network. The method comprises generating a set of frequency-modulation waveforms, generating an orthogonal code set, generating a set of coded frequency-modulation waveforms through element operation between the set of frequency-modulation waveforms and the orthogonal code set, calculating an objective function for the set of frequency-modulation waveforms with regard to a different set of coded frequency-modulation waveforms and previous sets of coded frequency-modulation waveforms, and selecting a current polyphase code set as an optimized polyphase code set when a result of current calculation is better or smaller than a result of previous iteration, and performing phase perturbation by replacing an element randomly selected in the current polyphase code set selected as the optimized polyphase code set with another admissible-phase element.

A method for use in acoustic imaging, comprising: transmitting, from a transmitter, a first sound wave pulse at a first frequency determined by a maximum sampling rate of a receiver; transmitting at least one second sound wave pulse at a frequency substantially equal to the first frequency, the first and at least one second sound wave pulses being transmitted substantially within a fraction of a sample interval of the receiver; receiving and sampling, at the receiver, a reflection of at least two of the first and at least one second pulses to generate a set of receiver samples; and expanding the set of receiver samples, based on the first frequency and a total number of the first and at least one second pulses transmitted, to generate an expanded sample set with a larger number of samples than the set of receiver samples.