Low-cost devices and methods for measuring radar transmission and/or reflectance of coated articles, as well as methods for forming coatings on articles are provided. An exemplary low-cost radar transmission and reflection measurement device includes a radar transmitter that emits a radar signal, a radar target to which the radar signal is directed, and a radar receiver that receives the radar signal. Further, the exemplary low-cost device includes a sample holder located between the radar transmitter and the radar target and between the radar target and the radar receiver. The sample holder receives a sample including a coating. The low-cost device also includes a controller connected to the radar transmitter and radar receiver. The controller measures a radar signal loss due to the coating.

Examples disclosed herein relate to an autonomous driving system in an vehicle. The autonomous driving system includes a radar system configured to detect a target in a path and a surrounding environment of the vehicle and produce radar data with a first resolution that is gathered over a continuous field of view on the detected target. The system includes a super-resolution network configured to receive the radar data with the first resolution and produce radar data with a second resolution different from the first resolution using first neural networks. The system also includes a target identification module configured to receive the radar data with the second resolution and to identify the detected target from the radar data with the second resolution using second neural networks. Other examples disclosed herein include a method of operating the radar system in the autonomous driving system of the vehicle.

A method includes generating emitted signals using transmitter elements and measuring received signals using receiver elements. The received signals are reflected portions of the emitted signals and the received signals correspond to one or more targets. The method also includes applying a first matched filter to the received signals to determine range information for the received signals, filtering the received signals based on the range information to define filtered signals, and determining calibration parameters using the filtered signals. The method also includes correcting the received signals using the calibration parameters to define calibrated signals and determining angle of arrival information for the received signals using the calibrated signals.

A method for calibrating two receiving units of a radar sensor that includes an array of receiving antennas formed by two sub-arrays and an evaluation unit, which is designed to carry out an angle estimation for located radar targets based on phase differences between the signals received by the receiving antennas, each receiving unit including parallel reception paths for the signals of the receiving antennas of one of the sub-arrays. The method includes: analyzing the received signals and deciding whether a multi-target scenario or a single-target scenario is present, in the case of a single-target scenario, measuring phases of the signals received in the sub-arrays and calculating a phase offset between the two sub-arrays, and calibrating the phases in the two receiving units based on the calculated offset.

A method for calibrating two receiving units of a radar sensor that includes an array of receiving antennas formed by two sub-arrays and an evaluation unit, which is designed to carry out an angle estimation for located radar targets based on phase differences between the signals received by the receiving antennas, each receiving unit including parallel reception paths for the signals of the receiving antennas of one of the sub-arrays. The method includes: analyzing the received signals and deciding whether a multi-target scenario or a single-target scenario is present, in the case of a single-target scenario, measuring phases of the signals received in the sub-arrays and calculating a phase offset between the two sub-arrays, and calibrating the phases in the two receiving units based on the calculated offset.

One example provides a time-of-flight depth imaging system configured to modulate light emitted from a light source to illuminate an environment with modulated light, and for each of one or more modulation frequencies, integrate an image at each phase step of a plurality of phase steps, and sense a temperature of the light source and/or image sensor via one or more temperature sensors to acquire a measured temperature. The instructions are further executable to, and for each pixel of one or more pixels of the image sensor, determine a complex phasor based upon the measured temperature using a linear inverse function for each modulation frequency, determine a phase shift between the light emitted from the light source and light from the light source reflected back by the environment based on the complex phasor, and output a depth value for the pixel based upon the phase shift.

One example provides a time-of-flight depth imaging system configured to modulate light emitted from a light source to illuminate an environment with modulated light, and for each of one or more modulation frequencies, integrate an image at each phase step of a plurality of phase steps, and sense a temperature of the light source and/or image sensor via one or more temperature sensors to acquire a measured temperature. The instructions are further executable to, and for each pixel of one or more pixels of the image sensor, determine a complex phasor based upon the measured temperature using a linear inverse function for each modulation frequency, determine a phase shift between the light emitted from the light source and light from the light source reflected back by the environment based on the complex phasor, and output a depth value for the pixel based upon the phase shift.

A method, a control arrangement and a sensor target for enabling calibration of vehicle sensors. The sensor target comprises a plurality of recognition zones, each comprising a recognition pattern dedicated to a distinct sensor modality, for enabling calibration of vehicle sensors of the respective sensor modality; and localization dependent information associated with at least one recognition zone, provided to the vehicle via a vehicle sensor reading.

A vehicle control system may include a controller that detects an object outside a vehicle, calculates an angle based on a ratio of a relative speed between the object and the vehicle to a speed of the vehicle, and updates a phase curve reflecting a phase distortion of an input signal based on the calculated angle.

The present disclosure relates to a method for detecting a malfunction of at least one environment sensor of a motor vehicle operating while the motor vehicle passes a predefined gate region of a road network. Detection data is determined based at least in part on sensor data from the at least one environment sensor. A deviation of the detection data from reference data is determined. The reference data describes at least one object actually present in the gate region. An entry regarding a malfunction of the at least one environment sensor is stored when the deviation fulfills a predefined indicator criterion.