Hyperspectral, fluorescence, and laser mapping imaging with reduced fixed pattern noise is disclosed. A method includes actuating an emitter to emit a plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation and sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation resulting from the plurality of pulses of electromagnetic radiation with a pixel array of an image sensor. The method includes reducing fixed pattern noise in an exposure frame by subtracting a reference frame from the exposure frame. The method is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of: electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 513 nm to about 545 nm, from about 565 nm to about 585 nm, from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm, an excitation wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that causes a reagent to fluoresce, or a laser mapping pattern.

A system and method for analyzing quality criteria of a radiation spot are provided herein. The system may include: at least one controllable electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate and transmit a radiation beam onto an object, resulting in a radiation spot on said object; at least one radiation sensor configured to sense and obtain radiation reflections coming back from said object, wherein the radiation beam is generated in a way that reflections from different ranges are distinguishable of each other; and an analyzer configured to analyze said radiation reflections, and determine a remedy to the radiation beam, in a case that said radiation spot does not meet predefined spot validity criteria. The method may implement the aforementioned logic in a different architecture.

A system and method for analyzing quality criteria of a radiation spot are provided herein. The system may include: at least one controllable electromagnetic radiation source configured to generate and transmit a radiation beam onto an object, resulting in a radiation spot on said object; at least one radiation sensor configured to sense and obtain radiation reflections coming back from said object, wherein the radiation beam is generated in a way that reflections from different ranges are distinguishable of each other; and an analyzer configured to analyze said radiation reflections, and determine a remedy to the radiation beam, in a case that said radiation spot does not meet predefined spot validity criteria. The method may implement the aforementioned logic in a different architecture.

A scanning LiDAR system includes a base frame, an optoelectronic assembly, and a lens assembly. The optoelectronic assembly includes one or more laser sources and one or more photodetectors, and is fixedly attached to the base frame. The lens assembly includes one or more lenses. The one or more lenses have a focal plane. The scanning LiDAR system further includes a first flexure assembly flexibly coupling the lens assembly to the base frame. The first flexure assembly is configured such that the one or more laser sources and the one or more photodetectors are positioned substantially at the focal plane of the one or more lenses. The first flexure assembly is further configured to be flexed so as to scan the lens assembly laterally in a plane substantially perpendicular to an optical axis of the emission lens.

A scanning LiDAR system includes a base frame, an optoelectronic assembly, and a lens assembly. The optoelectronic assembly includes one or more laser sources and one or more photodetectors, and is fixedly attached to the base frame. The lens assembly includes one or more lenses. The one or more lenses have a focal plane. The scanning LiDAR system further includes a first flexure assembly flexibly coupling the lens assembly to the base frame. The first flexure assembly is configured such that the one or more laser sources and the one or more photodetectors are positioned substantially at the focal plane of the one or more lenses. The first flexure assembly is further configured to be flexed so as to scan the lens assembly laterally in a plane substantially perpendicular to an optical axis of the emission lens.

Fluorescence videostroboscopy imaging is described. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a controller configured to cause the emitter to emit the pulses of electromagnetic radiation at a strobing frequency determined based on a vibration frequency of vocal cords of a user. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 795 nm to about 815 nm.

Fluorescence videostroboscopy imaging is described. A system includes an emitter for emitting pulses of electromagnetic radiation and an image sensor comprising a pixel array for sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation. The system includes a controller configured to cause the emitter to emit the pulses of electromagnetic radiation at a strobing frequency determined based on a vibration frequency of vocal cords of a user. The system is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 795 nm to about 815 nm.

An optical apparatus comprises: a light source configured to emit light composed of a sequence of shots; and a steering device optically coupled to the light source and configured to steer the shots emitted by the light source in accordance with a predefined scan pattern such that at least one intermediate shot is emitted by the light source between a first shot directed by the steering device within an aperture defined by an eye safety regulation and a subsequent, second shot directed by the steering device within the same aperture, each intermediate shot being directed by the steering device outside the aperture.

Super resolution and color motion artifact correction in a pulsed hyperspectral, fluorescence, and laser mapping imaging system. A method includes actuating an emitter to emit pulses of electromagnetic radiation and sensing reflected electromagnetic radiation with a pixel array of an image sensor. The method includes detecting motion across two or more sequential exposure frames, compensating for the detected motion, and combining the two or more sequential exposure frames to generate an image frame. The method is such that at least a portion of the pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted by the emitter comprises one or more of: electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength from about 513 nm to about 545 nm, from about 565 nm to about 585 nm, from about 900 nm to about 1000 nm, an excitation wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that causes a reagent to fluoresce, or a laser mapping pattern.

A lidar system that includes a laser source can be controlled to fire laser pulse shots from the laser source at a variable rate of firing those laser pulse shots. The fired laser pulse shots can include scheduled laser pulse shots that are targeted at range points in the field of view. The fired laser pulse shots can also include marker shots that bleed energy out of the laser source in order to avoid reaching a threshold for available energy in the laser source and/or regulate energy amounts for the targeted laser pulse shots. A laser energy model that models how much energy is available from the laser source for laser pulse shots over time can be used to model future available energies for the laser source and determine whether any marker shots should be fired.