A method, performed by an electronic device, of determining a location of an external device includes: receiving a trigger signal, which is output at a first location; receiving, after the trigger signal is received, a first chirp signal transmitted from a first external device among at least one external device present at a different location from a location of the electronic device, the first chirp signal being transmitted according to the trigger signal being received by the first external device; obtaining, based on a time point at which the first chirp signal is received, a difference value between a time point at which the trigger signal is received by the electronic device and a time point at which the trigger signal is received by the first external device; and determining a location of the first external device based on the difference value.

A method, performed by an electronic device, of determining a location of an external device includes: receiving a trigger signal, which is output at a first location; receiving, after the trigger signal is received, a first chirp signal transmitted from a first external device among at least one external device present at a different location from a location of the electronic device, the first chirp signal being transmitted according to the trigger signal being received by the first external device; obtaining, based on a time point at which the first chirp signal is received, a difference value between a time point at which the trigger signal is received by the electronic device and a time point at which the trigger signal is received by the first external device; and determining a location of the first external device based on the difference value.

A distance estimation device includes a mobile terminal transmitting a radio wave and an in-vehicle device. The in-vehicle device includes a direction determination unit having a receiver, a distance measurement unit, and a correction unit. The receiver receives the radio wave and is arranged on a side of the vehicle. The direction determination unit determines a direction from which the radio wave comes based on a signal strength of the received radio wave. The distance measurement unit receives the radio wave and measures a distance from an installation position of the distance measurement unit to the mobile terminal based on information other than a signal strength of the received radio wave. The correction unit corrects the measured distance to be a distance from an edge of the vehicle to the mobile terminal based on the determined direction and the installation position.

A distance estimation device includes a mobile terminal transmitting a radio wave and an in-vehicle device. The in-vehicle device includes a direction determination unit having a receiver, a distance measurement unit, and a correction unit. The receiver receives the radio wave and is arranged on a side of the vehicle. The direction determination unit determines a direction from which the radio wave comes based on a signal strength of the received radio wave. The distance measurement unit receives the radio wave and measures a distance from an installation position of the distance measurement unit to the mobile terminal based on information other than a signal strength of the received radio wave. The correction unit corrects the measured distance to be a distance from an edge of the vehicle to the mobile terminal based on the determined direction and the installation position.

A communication device including a clock, a memory, and at least one processor is disclosed. The at least one processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory that cause the at least one processor to perform operations including receiving at least one message from a second communication device of a plurality of communication devices over a preconfigured time duration, determining a first local time of the clock of the communication device at which the at least one message from the second communication device is received, and determining a sync-time of the second communication device based on the at least one message from the second communication device. The operations include mapping the sync-time of the second communication device based on the first local time and the determined sync-time of the second communication device and adjusting a sync-time of the communication device based on the second local time.

A communication device including a clock, a memory, and at least one processor is disclosed. The at least one processor is configured to execute instructions stored in the memory that cause the at least one processor to perform operations including receiving at least one message from a second communication device of a plurality of communication devices over a preconfigured time duration, determining a first local time of the clock of the communication device at which the at least one message from the second communication device is received, and determining a sync-time of the second communication device based on the at least one message from the second communication device. The operations include mapping the sync-time of the second communication device based on the first local time and the determined sync-time of the second communication device and adjusting a sync-time of the communication device based on the second local time.

A method includes transmitting a first electromagnetic signal from a first node to a second node and receiving a second electromagnetic signal from the second node at the first node. The method also includes repeating the transmission of the first electromagnetic signal and the reception of the second electromagnetic signal multiple times. The method further includes identifying, based on the repeated transmissions and receptions, a time-of-flight associated with a travel time for one of the electromagnetic signals to travel between the first and second nodes. The time-of-flight is indicative of a distance between the nodes.

Systems and methods for performing distance and velocity measurements, such as by using carrier signals, are disclosed. A measurement system device may include a first antenna configured to receive a first signal from a transmitting device, the first signal having a carrier frequency, and a second antenna configured to receive the first signal from the transmitting device. The measurement system device may also include a processor configured to determine a first differential distance between the first antenna and the second antenna from the transmitting device and to determine a rate of change of the first differential distance. The processor may also be configured to estimate a geometry of the measurement system device relative to the transmitting device using the rate of change of the first differential distance.

Systems and methods for performing distance and velocity measurements, such as by using carrier signals, are disclosed. A measurement system device may include a first antenna configured to receive a first signal from a transmitting device, the first signal having a carrier frequency, and a second antenna configured to receive the first signal from the transmitting device. The measurement system device may also include a processor configured to determine a first differential distance between the first antenna and the second antenna from the transmitting device and to determine a rate of change of the first differential distance. The processor may also be configured to estimate a geometry of the measurement system device relative to the transmitting device using the rate of change of the first differential distance.

Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatuses, systems and/or methods of performing a Time of Flight (ToF) measurement. For example, a first wireless device may include a controller to perform a Time of Flight (ToF) measurement procedure with a second wireless device; and a radio to communicate with the second wireless device a ToF frame including a first time value of a Time Synchronization Function (TSF) of a sender of the frame to indicate a beginning time of a ToF measurement period, and a second time value of the TSF at transmission of the ToF frame.