This invention describes a Spatial Intelligence System that provide radio positioning/navigation with additional spatial data in support of automation, machine learning and inference-based systems. More specifically and in particular, the present invention, is such a radio positioning/navigation system that integrates, correlates with or obviates the need of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) with a Pulsed Wireless Location System (PWLS) to provide positioning/navigation/timing data either within a line-of-sight barrier using an ad-hoc coordinate system, a direct line of sight of GNSS beacon geographic coordinate system or a ad-hoc translation to geographic coordinate system. The system generically offers the ability to use a low cost tag or location device with anchor processing or a higher cost, higher capability tag or location device with local processing simultaneously.

System and methods for implementing a vector sensor array surface wave radar is provided. In one or more examples, the system can include a vector sensor array antenna that includes electromagnetic elements collectively configured to receive surface wave reflections generated by radar transmit antenna waves reflecting back from targets of interest. Once received by the vector sensor array, in one or more examples, the system can further include components that can process the incoming signal and use the incoming single to determine the location of one or more targets. In one or more examples, the vector surface array antenna can include three separate loop antennas that are arranged orthogonally to one another, and three dipole antennas that are arranged orthogonally to one another. In one or more examples, the vector surface array antenna can be configured to receive signals in the high frequency (HF) band.

Embodiments are directed to a dynamic radar detection threshold for stateful dynamic frequency selection (DFS). An embodiment of a storage medium includes instructions to operations including estimate a duty time of transmission of wireless signals by an access point, the access point to provide Wi-Fi communication, the wireless signals being communicated on a DFS channel of the access point, adapt, based at least in part on the duty time of transmission, a threshold of radar signals to indicate detection of a radar signal at the access point on the DFS channel, and perform analysis of received wireless signals on the DFS channel at the access point to detect the radar signal using the adapted threshold of radar signals.

Example embodiments are directed to systems and methods for denying power to unauthorized power loads within a spherical waveguide bounded by the Earth's surface. One or more eigenmodes of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide may be computed based on a mathematical model incorporating electrical properties of the terrestrial surface and plasma physics of the ionosphere. A phased array of wave guide couplers, each including an array of electrically-connected waveguide-coupling elements, may be configured at different geographic locations for coupling to the one or more eigenmodes and generating standing waves in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Power loads may be detected via power reflections, and power nodes and nulls of the standing waves may be steered with respect to specified locations by adjusting relative phases and/or amplitudes of the waveguide couplers. Locations of power loads may be triangulating reflections. Power nulls of the standing waves may be steered to locations of unauthorized power loads.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting a signal propagation type, the method comprises: when a positioning base station of an ultra-wideband positioning system currently receives a pulse response from a positioning tag, computing an actual value of a specified feature of the received pulse response at least using the received pulse response; selecting, for the specified feature, a predictive model for predicting an adopted value of the specified feature at a future moment on the basis of an adopted value of the specified feature at a historical moment; using the predictive model selected for the specified feature to acquire an adopted value of the specified feature at a future moment, to serve as a predicted value of the specified feature of the received pulse response; and determining the current type of signal propagation between the positioning base station and positioning tag on the basis of the actual value and predicted value of the specified feature of the received pulse response and the predictive model selected for the specified feature. Using the method and apparatus, it is possible to detect the type of signal propagation between the positioning base station and positioning tag of the UWB positioning system.

The present provides a radar apparatus and an antenna apparatus for the radar apparatus. The radar apparatus may include two first transmission antennas disposed on both sides of the transmission antenna set and the second transmission antenna disposed between two first transmission antennas spaced apart from the first transmission antenna by the vertical distance A in a first direction perpendicular to the ground, and may include the four receiving antennas disposed apart from each other by a predetermined horizontal distance, and may transmit the code divided transmission signals through two transmission antenna according to the detection mode, so that the vertical information and the horizontal information of the object can be easily obtained in the long range detection mode and the short range detection mode.

A system and a method are provided for achieving long range, over the horizon (OTH), persistent surveillance, alerting, tracking and situational awareness against small, low radar cross section moving targets. The system and method use one or more tethered unmanned arial systems, or unmanned arial vehicles, to lift components including a radar antenna to a height above nearby obstacles or much higher. The system and method can also be used for subsurface radar detection and tracking applications, as well as communications with submarines.

To provide an improved radar apparatus capable of expanding the aperture length per antenna element and the aperture length of the virtual reception array antenna. One of a transmission array antenna and a reception array antenna includes a first antenna element group having m-pieces of antenna elements arranged at a first interval D.sub.t along a first axis direction (m is an integer of 1 or larger), and the other one of the transmission array antenna and the reception array antenna includes a second antenna element group having (n+1)-pieces of antenna elements arranged at a second interval D.sub.r(n) along the first axis direction (n is an integer of 1 or larger).

For increasing measurement precision while suppressing cost increase when measuring a permittivity of an object using a radio wave, an object detection apparatus includes a transmission unit projecting a radio wave toward a target object by using a transmission antenna, a reception unit receiving the radio wave reflected by the target object by a reception antenna and generating an intermediate frequency signal, and an arithmetic apparatus. The arithmetic apparatus computes a reflection amplitude of the target object from the intermediate frequency signal, computes a reflectance from the reflection amplitude, computes a complex permittivity absolute value of the target object from the computed reflectance, computes a depth position of the target object from the reflection amplitude, computes a thickness of the target object from the depth and the reflection amplitude, and computes a permittivity of the target object from the reflection amplitude, the complex permittivity absolute value, and the thickness.

System and methods for implementing a vector sensor array surface wave radar is provided. In one or more examples, the system can include a vector sensor array antenna that includes electromagnetic elements collectively configured to receive surface wave reflections generated by radar transmit antenna waves reflecting back from targets of interest. Once received by the vector sensor array, in one or more examples, the system can further include components that can process the incoming signal and use the incoming single to determine the location of one or more targets. In one or more examples, the vector surface array antenna can include three separate loop antennas that are arranged orthogonally to one another, and three dipole antennas that are arranged orthogonally to one another. In one or more examples, the vector surface array antenna can be configured to receive signals in the high frequency (HF) band.