Disclosed herein are related to a system and a method for determining an Angle of Approach (AoA) of a device. A first device may receive a report from a second device having a plurality of ultra-wideband (UWB) devices. The report may include a plurality of values comprising an elevation component and an azimuth component of the AoA from the first device. At least some of the plurality of values may be obtained according to measurements between the plurality of UWB devices of the second devices and the at least one UWB device of the first device. The first device may determine an AoA from the second device, using the plurality of values from the report received from the second device.

A method for implementing a relocatable Over-The-Horizon-Radar (OTHR) including transmitting mutually orthogonal signals on each of a plurality of antenna elements of a transmitting system, and receiving and decoding the signals at a plurality of receiving systems to synthesize beams from the orthogonal signals. Each receiving system has a plurality of antenna elements fewer in number than the plurality of antenna elements of said transmitting system. The method includes connecting as a network the transmitting system, the plurality of receiving systems, and a network controller.

The present provides a radar apparatus and an antenna apparatus for the radar apparatus. The radar apparatus may include two first transmission antennas disposed on both sides of the transmission antenna set and the second transmission antenna disposed between two first transmission antennas spaced apart from the first transmission antenna by the vertical distance A in a first direction perpendicular to the ground, and may include the four receiving antennas disposed apart from each other by a predetermined horizontal distance, and may transmit the code divided transmission signals through two transmission antenna according to the detection mode, so that the vertical information and the horizontal information of the object can be easily obtained in the long range detection mode and the short range detection mode.

The present provides a radar apparatus and an antenna apparatus for the radar apparatus. Two transmission antennas disposed on both sides of the transmission antenna set may be arranged apart from each other by a predetermined vertical distance in a first direction perpendicular to the ground, and the four receiving antennas may be disposed apart from each other by a predetermined horizontal distance, so that the vertical information and the horizontal information of the object can be easily obtained in the long range detection mode and the short range detection mode.

Disclosed are various embodiments for superposition of guided surface wave launched along the surface of a lossy medium. In one example, a field pattern of Zenneck surface waves is launched along a surface of a lossy conducting medium by excitation phasing of the array of guided surface waveguide probes. The Zenneck surface waves are launched based on resultant fields that synthesize a wave front incident at a complex Brewster angle of incidence (.sub.i,B) associated with the lossy conducting medium.

Disclosed are various embodiments for transmitting energy conveyed in the form of a guided surface-waveguide mode along a lossy conducting medium such as, e.g., the surface of a terrestrial medium by exciting a polyphase waveguide probe. A probe control system can be used to adjust the polyphase waveguide probe based at least in part upon characteristics of the lossy conducting medium.

Systems and methods for detecting and locating power loads within a spherical waveguide bounded by the Earth's surface are disclosed. One or more eigenmodes of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide may be computed based on a mathematical model incorporating electrical properties of the terrestrial surface and plasma physics of the ionospheric layer. A phased array of wave guide couplers, each including an array of electrically-connected waveguide-coupling elements, may be configured at different geographic locations for coupling to the one or more eigenmodes and generating standing waves in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Power loads may be detected by way of power reflections, and by adjusting relative phases and/or amplitudes of the waveguide couplers, as well as frequencies, power nodes and nulls of the standing waves may be steered with respect to specified locations. Using reflections and steering, locations of power loads may be triangulated.

Systems and methods for denying power to unauthorized power loads within a spherical waveguide bounded by the Earth's surface are disclosed. One or more eigenmodes of the Earth-ionosphere waveguide may be computed based on a mathematical model incorporating electrical properties of the terrestrial surface and plasma physics of the ionospheric layer. A phased array of wave guide couplers, each including an array of electrically-connected waveguide-coupling elements, may be configured at different geographic locations for coupling to the one or more eigenmodes and generating standing waves in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide. Power loads may be detected by way of power reflections, and power nodes and nulls of the standing waves may be steered with respect to specified locations by adjusting relative phases and/or amplitudes of the waveguide couplers. Locations of power loads may be triangulating reflections. Power nulls of the standing waves may be steered to locations of unauthorized power loads.

Disclosed are various embodiments for superposition of guided surface wave launched along the surface of a lossy medium. In one example, Zenneck surface waves are launched along a surface of a lossy conducting medium using an array of guided surface waveguide probes and a predefined field pattern of the Zenneck surface waves is maintained. The individual ones of the guided surface waveguide probes include a feed network electrically coupled to a charge terminal. The feed network provides a phase delay that matches a wave tilt angle associated with a complex Brewster angle of incidence associated with the lossy conducting medium.

This invention describes a Spatial Intelligence System that provide radio positioning/navigation with additional spatial data in support of automation, machine learning and inference-based systems. More specifically and in particular, the present invention, is such a radio positioning/navigation system that integrates, correlates with or obviates the need of the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) with a Pulsed Wireless Location System (PWLS) to provide positioning/navigation/timing data either within a line-of-sight barrier using an ad-hoc coordinate system, a direct line of sight of GNSS beacon geographic coordinate system or a ad-hoc translation to geographic coordinate system. The system generically offers the ability to use a low cost tag or location device with anchor processing or a higher cost, higher capability tag or location device with local processing simultaneously.