A system and bent-pipe transponder component for determining a location of an individual or object in three dimensional space. The system includes a transmitter configured to transmit a first wireless electromagnetic signal at a first frequency and at least one transponder that is configured to responsively emit a second wireless electromagnetic signal having a second frequency that is frequency-shifted from the first frequency. An included receiver detecting the first and second wireless electromagnetic signals is configured to provide an output of location information for the at least one transponder. A bent-pipe transponder component may include a receiving antenna, an emitting antenna, and a frequency shift stage comprising an oscillator and a first mixer, with the frequency stage mixing a received first wireless electromagnetic signal with the output of the oscillator via the first mixer to produce the emitted second wireless electromagnetic signal.

A system and bent-pipe transponder component for determining a location of an individual or object in three dimensional space. The system includes a transmitter configured to transmit a first wireless electromagnetic signal at a first frequency and at least one transponder that is configured to responsively emit a second wireless electromagnetic signal having a second frequency that is frequency-shifted from the first frequency. An included receiver detecting the first and second wireless electromagnetic signals is configured to provide an output of location information for the at least one transponder. A bent-pipe transponder component may include a receiving antenna, an emitting antenna, and a frequency shift stage comprising an oscillator and a first mixer, with the frequency stage mixing a received first wireless electromagnetic signal with the output of the oscillator via the first mixer to produce the emitted second wireless electromagnetic signal.

Methods performed by a first device. The methods include transmitting a first ranging poll to a plurality of second devices, receiving a polling response message from each of at least a first subset of the second devices, determining a propagation delay for each of the received polling response messages and determining a distance to each of the first subset of the second devices based on at least the respective propagation delays. The methods further include receiving a ranging poll from a second device, wherein the ranging poll is one of a multicast transmission or a broadcast transmission, determining a type of response to be transmitted to the second device based on at least a capability of the first device and transmitting a response of the determined type to the second device.

A first electronic device, second electronic device, and a method are disclosed herein. The first electronic device includes communication circuitry and a processor that implements the method, including transmitting, using the communication circuit, a distance measurement signal including the first secure preamble to the second electronic device, receiving a response signal through the communication circuit including a second secure preamble generated by the second electronic device from the external electronic device, authenticating the response signal based on the second secure preamble, and based on successful authentication, determining a distance to the second electronic device based on a transmission time of the distance measurement signal and a reception time of the response signal.

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning system, UWB base stations (BSs), UWB tags and the operation methods thereof. Because the present invention uses a server aware of the positions of all BSs to determine the BSs that performs distance measurement, and the server assigns different time slots to each BS that performs distance measurement, the present invention can avoid collisions between the BSs in the process of distance measurement. Furthermore, because the tag can select a specific time slot to access the UWB positioning system by monitoring the UWB signals in the air, the present invention can reduce collisions between the tags. By carefully planning the system frames and subframes of the time division multiplexing system, and sophisticatedly arranging the operation timings of the BSs and the tags, the present invention provides practical and stable UWB positioning system, BSs, and tags.

Techniques for positioning a NR bandwidth-limited user equipment (UE) are provided. An example method of positioning performed by a bandwidth-limited UE includes transmitting a first timing measurement signal to at least one proximate premium UE, wherein the at least one proximate premium UE is capable of using more bandwidth than the bandwidth-limited UE, receiving a second timing measurement signal from the at least one proximate premium UE, and determining location information for the bandwidth-limited UE based at least on the first timing measurement signal and the second timing measurement signal.

An electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure may include a wireless communication circuit, a memory, and a processor operatively connected to the memory and the wireless communication circuit, wherein the memory stores instructions that when executed cause the processor to start a ranging round by transmitting, to an external electronic device, a ranging control message (RCM) including transmission control information of data to be transmitted, to perform ranging based on the ranging control message, and upon completion of ranging, to transmit, based on the transmission control information included in the ranging control message, the data in a slot allocated in the ranging round.

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband (UWB) positioning system, UWB base stations (BSs), UWB tags and the operation methods thereof. Because the present invention uses a server aware of the positions of all BSs to determine the BSs that performs distance measurement, and the server assigns different time slots to each BS that performs distance measurement, the present invention can avoid collisions between the BSs in the process of distance measurement. Furthermore, because the tag can select a specific time slot to access the UWB positioning system by monitoring the UWB signals in the air, the present invention can reduce collisions between the tags. By carefully planning the system frames and subframes of the time division multiplexing system, and sophisticatedly arranging the operation timings of the BSs and the tags, the present invention provides practical and stable UWB positioning system, BSs, and tags.

Provided are a tag and a method, performed by the tag, of transmitting a response signal regarding a tag search signal. The method includes: receiving, from at least one of a plurality of slave nodes, the tag search signal including identifying data for identifying the tag; charging an energy storage element inside the tag by using the received tag search signal; obtaining the identifying data for identifying the tag from the received tag search signal; determining whether the obtained identifying data matches identification information pre-stored in the tag; and when the energy storage element is charged to a certain numerical value or above and the obtained identifying data matches the identification information pre-stored in the tag, outputting the response signal regarding the tag search signal.

Embodiments of an access point (AP), station (STA) and method of communication are generally described herein. In a null data packet (NDP) based ranging procedure between a responding STA and an initiating STA that is unassociated with the responding STA, the responding STA may: transmit a broadcast frame that indicates one or more ranging parameters; receive, from the initiating STA, an NDP announcement (NDPA) frame that indicates transmission of a first NDP from the initiating STA; detect the first NDP from the initiating STA; transmit a second NDP for transmission to the initiating STA; and transmit, to the initiating STA, a location measurement report (LMR) that indicates: a reception time of the first NDP at the responding STA, and a transmission time of the second NDP at the responding STA.