A method and apparatus of a first network entity in a wireless communication system is provide. The method and apparatus comprises: identifying at least one set of bit strings to generate a ranging scrambled timestamp sequence (STS); identifying at least one initialization vector (IV) field corresponding to the at least one set of bit strings, wherein the at least one IV field comprises a 4-octet string; generating a ranging STS key and IV information element (RSKI IE) that includes the at least one IV field to convey and align a seed that is used to generate the ranging STS; and transmitting, to a second network entity, the generated RSKI IE for updating the ranging STS of the second network entity.

A method and apparatus of a first network entity in a wireless communication system is provide. The method and apparatus comprises: identifying at least one set of bit strings to generate a ranging scrambled timestamp sequence (STS); identifying at least one initialization vector (IV) field corresponding to the at least one set of bit strings, wherein the at least one IV field comprises a 4-octet string; generating a ranging STS key and IV information element (RSKI IE) that includes the at least one IV field to convey and align a seed that is used to generate the ranging STS; and transmitting, to a second network entity, the generated RSKI IE for updating the ranging STS of the second network entity.

A system for tracking position of objects in an industrial environment includes an interrogator, a transponder, and a processor. The interrogator transmits a signal and provides a first reference signal corresponding to the transmitted signal. The transponder provides a response signal. The interrogator receives the response signal and provides a second reference signal corresponding to the response signal. The processor determines a location of either the interrogator or the transponder, relative to the other, based on the two reference signals.

A system for tracking position of objects in an industrial environment includes an interrogator, a transponder, and a processor. The interrogator transmits a signal and provides a first reference signal corresponding to the transmitted signal. The transponder provides a response signal. The interrogator receives the response signal and provides a second reference signal corresponding to the response signal. The processor determines a location of either the interrogator or the transponder, relative to the other, based on the two reference signals.

A system for tracking position of objects in an industrial environment includes an interrogator, a transponder, and a processor. The interrogator transmits a signal and provides a first reference signal corresponding to the transmitted signal. The transponder provides a response signal. The interrogator receives the response signal and provides a second reference signal corresponding to the response signal. The processor determines a location of either the interrogator or the transponder, relative to the other, based on the two reference signals.

A system for tracking position of objects in an industrial environment includes an interrogator, a transponder, and a processor. The interrogator transmits a signal and provides a first reference signal corresponding to the transmitted signal. The transponder provides a response signal. The interrogator receives the response signal and provides a second reference signal corresponding to the response signal. The processor determines a location of either the interrogator or the transponder, relative to the other, based on the two reference signals.

Radio-frequencies (RF) antennas for use in micro-localization systems are described. The RF antennas described herein may enable localization of objects with high resolutions, such as in the order of one centimeter or less. The RF antennas may be further configured to reduce range error variability across different directions, so that the accuracy of a micro-localization system is substantially the same regardless of the position of the object. An illustrative RF antenna includes a conductive housing forming a first cavity separated from a second cavity by a conductive wall. The RF antenna may further include an emitting element coupled to the conductive housing, a port coupled to the conductive housing, and an antenna feed electrically coupling the emitting element to the port. The antenna feed may pass through the cavities and the conductive wall. The antenna feed may comprise a symmetric and an asymmetric portion, disposed in the different cavities.

A vehicle access system includes a first network device that transmits a first tone signal to a second network device and receives a second tone signal from the second network device. The first or second network device is a portable access device. The system includes a control module that receives tone values from a sniffer device located at the vehicle. The tone values are associated with i) a difference in phase of a tone of the first tone signal between when transmitted to when received at the sniffer device, and ii) a difference in phase of the tone of the second tone signal between when transmitted to when received at the sniffer device. The control module estimates a first distance from the vehicle to the second network device based on the tone values received from the sniffer device and permits access to the vehicle based on the first distance.

An Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) avionics device for use in an aircraft with a transponder and an antenna comprises a first port, a second port, a transmitter, a switch, and a processing element. The first port may electrically couple to the transponder, and the second port may electrically couple to the antenna. The transmitter generates data to be transmitted over the antenna. The switch includes a first mode in which the transponder is electrically coupled to the antenna and a second mode in which the transmitter is electrically coupled to the antenna. The processing element is programmed to switch the switch from the first mode to the second mode, instruct the transmitter to transmit an ADS-B Out data packet to the second port, and switch the switch from the second mode to the first mode after the packet is transmitted.

An Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) avionics device for use in an aircraft with a transponder and an antenna comprises a first port, a second port, a transmitter, a switch, and a processing element. The first port may electrically couple to the transponder, and the second port may electrically couple to the antenna. The transmitter generates data to be transmitted over the antenna. The switch includes a first mode in which the transponder is electrically coupled to the antenna and a second mode in which the transmitter is electrically coupled to the antenna. The processing element is programmed to switch the switch from the first mode to the second mode, instruct the transmitter to transmit an ADS-B Out data packet to the second port, and switch the switch from the second mode to the first mode after the packet is transmitted.