A single beam frequency modulated continuous wave radar for clear air scatter (CAS) detection and method of monitoring clear air scatterers are provided. CAS monitoring capabilities, including the ability to estimate wind velocity and direction, are obtained using data from a single defined width beam of energy that instead of being averaged is sampled at discrete time steps over a range of altitudes.

A method for determining a kinematic structure of a two-dimensional wind field and a system determining the same are provided. The method comprises receiving a plurality of Doppler velocities and a plurality of distances between a Doppler radar and a gate. Each Doppler velocity of the plurality of Doppler velocities corresponds to a respective distance of the plurality of distances between the Doppler radar and the gate. The method further comprises calculating a plurality of distance Doppler velocity values. The distance Doppler velocity values represent the plurality of measured Doppler velocities and the distance between the Doppler radar and the gate. The method further comprises estimating the kinematic structure of the 2D wind field using the plurality of distance Doppler wind velocity values.

A method for determining a kinematic structure of a two-dimensional wind field and a system determining the same are provided. The method comprises receiving a plurality of Doppler velocities and a plurality of distances between a Doppler radar and a gate. Each Doppler velocity of the plurality of Doppler velocities corresponds to a respective distance of the plurality of distances between the Doppler radar and the gate. The method further comprises calculating a plurality of distance Doppler velocity values. The distance Doppler velocity values represent the plurality of measured Doppler velocities and the distance between the Doppler radar and the gate. The method further comprises estimating the kinematic structure of the 2D wind field using the plurality of distance Doppler wind velocity values.

A system and method for identifying damage to an embankment includes acquiring satellite imagery of an area of the embankment, generating a set of input data from the satellite imagery, removing at least one anomaly in the set of input data to obtain a cleaned set of input data, and identifying the damage by determining a dam motion area indicative of ground motion in the embankment from the cleaned set of input data and determining an anomalous vegetation area and an anomalous wetness area indicative of seepage in the embankment from the cleaned set of input data.

Systems and methods are disclosed for forecasting lightning activity. Such a method may include obtaining radar reflectivity data from a radar detection device for multiple altitudes over an environmental region for a past period of time, and dividing the reflectivity data into multiple sub-regions within the region. The method may also include obtaining lightning discharge data for the environmental region from a lightning discharge detecting device for a past period of time, and establishing a customizable mathematical operator based on the radar reflectivity data and the lightning discharge data. The method may additionally include receiving forecast radar data for at least one of the sub-region for a future time period, and forecasting a probability of lightning strikes in at least one of the sub-regions based on applying the customizable mathematical operator to the forecast radar data.

A hazard warning or weather radar system or method can be utilized to determine a location of ice. The system and method can be used in an aircraft. The aircraft weather radar system can include a radar antenna and an electronic processor. The radar antenna receives radar returns. The processor determines levels of icing conditions and causes the levels to be displayed on an electronic display.

An aircraft ice detection system is configured to determine a condition of a cloud and includes a radar system, a lidar system, optics and a dichroic filter. The radar system is configured to project quasi-optical radiation to the cloud and receive reflected quasi-optical radiation from the cloud. The lidar system is configured to project optical radiation to the cloud and receive reflected optical radiation from the cloud. The optics are configured to direct the quasi-optical radiation and the optical radiation to the cloud and receive the reflected quasi-optical radiation and the reflected optical radiation from the cloud. The dichroic filter is configured to direct the quasi-optical radiation from the radar system to the optics, direct the optical radiation from the lidar system to the optics, direct the reflected quasi-optical radiation from the optics to the radar system and direct the reflected optical radiation from the optics to the lidar system.

An aircraft ice detection system is configured to determine a condition of a cloud and includes a radar transmitter, a radar receiver, optics and a splitter. The radar transmitter is configured to produce quasi-optical radiation. The optics are configured to direct the quasi-optical radiation from the radar transmitter to the cloud and receive reflected quasi-optical radiation from the cloud. The radar receiver is configured to receive the reflected quasi-optical radiation from the optics and the splitter is configured to direct the reflected quasi-optical radiation from the optics to the radar receiver.

An apparatus for a wireless device includes a signal generation circuit configured to generate a reference signal and modify the reference signal to obtain an adjusted reference signal. The apparatus further includes a signal processing circuit configured to cause transmission of the adjusted reference signal via one or more antennas. A reflected signal received by the one or more antennas is detected. The reflected signal corresponds to the adjusted reference signal. A comparison of the reflected signal is performed with a feedback signal. The feedback signal is generated based on the reference signal. An atmospheric attenuation level for the location of the wireless device is determined based on the comparison. A notification is generated based on the atmospheric attenuation level.

An apparatus for a wireless device includes a signal generation circuit configured to generate a reference signal and modify the reference signal to obtain an adjusted reference signal. The apparatus further includes a signal processing circuit configured to cause transmission of the adjusted reference signal via one or more antennas. A reflected signal received by the one or more antennas is detected. The reflected signal corresponds to the adjusted reference signal. A comparison of the reflected signal is performed with a feedback signal. The feedback signal is generated based on the reference signal. An atmospheric attenuation level for the location of the wireless device is determined based on the comparison. A notification is generated based on the atmospheric attenuation level.