A gas scintillation detector is designed to provide in-beam absolute dose monitoring for ion beam radiotherapy treatments employing spot or raster beam scanning, especially with microsecond-scale beam pulses. Detection of prompt primary scintillation light emitted by gas molecules excited by beam passage provides electronic signals that can be processed to yield output data proportional to delivered dose up to high dose rates, and that appear quickly enough to provide feedback to influence real-time beam intensity adjustments for subsequent steps in the beam scan. When the scintillation light is collected in multiple photo-detectors, the invention is furthermore capable of measuring spot beam position with spatial resolutions of order one millimeter.

A radiation monitor includes a radiation detection unit detecting radiation, and an optical fiber transmitting photons emitted from a light emitting element of the radiation detection unit, wherein the radiation detection unit includes a first light emitting element generating a photon in response to incident radiation, a chemical compound part having chemical compounds which generate charged particles by nuclear reactions with incident neutrons, and a second light emitting element being located between the first light emitting element and the chemical compound part and generating a photon in response to radiation.

A radiation imaging apparatus includes a unit constituted by arranging blocks in line and an information processing unit. Each of the blocks includes a conversion element configured to generate an image signal corresponding to radiation, a switching element connected between the conversion element and a column signal line, a detection element configured to detect radiation, and a detection signal line connected to the detection element. The information processing unit corrects a signal from the detection element, by using a value of the signal based on a parasitic capacitance between the conversion elements arranged on the same column as a column of the detection element.

Radiation source localization systems and related techniques are provided to improve the operation of handheld or unmanned mobile sensor or survey platforms. A radiation source localization system includes a logic device configured to communicate with a communications module and a directional radiation detector, where the communications module is configured to establish a wireless communication link with a base station associated with the directional radiation detector and/or a mobile sensor platform, and the directional radiation detector includes a sensor assembly configured to provide directional radiation sensor data as the directional radiation detector is maneuvered within a survey area.

Three semiconductor detectors are installed at positions where incidence of radiation on a scintillation detector is not blocked, at equal intervals centered on a central axis of the scintillation detector and at equal angles with respect to a plane which is at a right angle to the central axis. An energy compensation factor is determined on the basis of an average pulse height value obtained from a second pulse height spectrum obtained by analog voltage pulses which are output from these semiconductor detectors, and energy characteristics of a high-range dose rate obtained by a direct-current voltage which is output from the scintillation detector are compensated for.

A system and method for recording in real-time the duration, position, and energy of ion beams as delivered by a proton or heavy ion cancer treatment system for the purpose of calibrating the radiological system and verifying the treatment plans for various lesions. The energy of the ion beam is calculated from the beam ion depth penetration through a phantom as recorded on a two-dimensional scintillator surface which is viewed by a sensitive visible-light camera mounted in a darkened enclosure. The energy of the beam is degraded by a novel multi-step dual-slope chevron wedge phantom which creates, at a minimum, two bright spots in the camera's field of view. The distance between the centers of these two spots along with the dimensions and density of the multi-step dual-slope chevron wedge are used to calculate the Bragg Peak penetration depth of the ion beam. A computer connected to the camera measures the location and intensity of these spots during treatment delivery and archives the original beam image, spot parameters, timing, and computed beam energies to memory. Software algorithms reconstruct a mathematical description of each treatment beam. The operator can then determine discrepancies between the measured dosimetric pattern and the intended treatment or calibration pattern.

A radiation monitoring device realizes a high measurement function. Therefore, a radiation monitoring device includes: a radiation detection unit including a phosphor that emits light by incident radiation; a photodetector that converts a single photon or a photon group having a plurality of the single photons generated by the radiation detection unit into an electric pulse signal; and an analysis unit that analyzes the electric pulse signal. The phosphor emits light based on a plurality of light emission phenomena having different decay time constants. The analysis unit includes: a signal discrimination circuit that discriminates the electric pulse signal output from the photodetector; a dose rate calculation circuit that calculates a dose rate of the radiation based on a count rate of the discriminated electric pulse signal; and an application energy calculation circuit that calculates application energy of the radiation based on a peak value of the discriminated electric pulse signal.

What is described and claimed is a dosimeter for measuring a radiation dose of ionizing radiation comprising a measurement chamber and a light sensor, wherein the measurement chamber is filled with a fluorophore and is lightproof, such that no light from the surroundings can be incident in the measurement chamber, and wherein the light sensor is configured to detect fluorescent light generated by ionizing radiation in the fluorophore in the measurement chamber and to generate a signal that is proportional to the fluence of the detected fluorescent light. Furthermore, the use of such a dosimeter, and a spectrometer comprising a plurality of such dosimeters are presented and claimed.

A screw compressor includes a screw rotor, a casing, and a fluid supply portion to supply fluid in a membrane form into a compression chamber in the casing. The screw rotor has a male and female rotors. A male bore covering the male rotor and a female bore covering the female rotor are formed on the inner surface of the casing. An intersection line, on a higher pressure side, of the male and female bores is defined as a compression cusp. In a bore development view, a trajectory made by the first intersection of an extension line of a female lobe ridge and a male lobe ridge being moved, along with the rotation of the male and female rotors, is defined as a trajectory line. An opening of the fluid supply section to the compression chamber is positioned between the compression cusp and the trajectory line.

A dosimeter includes a housing and a printed circuit board positioned within the housing. A silicon photomultiplier is operably connected to the printed circuit board. A scintillator formed of Ce-activated lithium aluminosilicate glass is positioned on the silicon photomultiplier. An optical coupling is positioned between the scintillator and the silicon photomultiplier, and an optical reflector surrounds the scintillator.