There is provided a radiation dosimetry gel that is usable in a polymer gel dosimeter having an improved sensitivity and high safety.

A radiation dosimetry gel comprising a gelator, and a compound of the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

m and n are each an integer of 2 to 4;

k is 0 or 1; and

plurality of R.sup.1s and ms are each the same as or different from one another) and a radiation dosimeter comprising the radiation dosimetry gel as a material for radiation dosimetry.

There is provided a radiation dosimetry gel that is usable in a polymer gel dosimeter having an improved sensitivity and high safety.

A radiation dosimetry gel comprising a gelator, and a compound of the following Formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;

m and n are each an integer of 2 to 4;

k is 0 or 1; and

plurality of R.sup.1s and ms are each the same as or different from one another) and a radiation dosimeter comprising the radiation dosimetry gel as a material for radiation dosimetry.

A printed radiation sensor that includes a substrate, an interdigitated electrode, and a conductive polymeric film. The interdigitated electrode including a first electrode with a plurality of first electrode digits and a second electrode with a plurality of second electrode digits. The interdigitated electrode disposed on the substrate. The conductive polymeric film including a blend of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The PEDOT:PSS is configured to provide an electrically conductive medium. The PVA is configured to provide ductility and stability of the printed radiation sensor. Upon radiation exposure, the PVA is further configured to crosslink within a material matrix of the printed radiation sensor militating against the recombination of chain scission by forming a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (SIPN) with the PEDOT:PSS to provide an enhanced and stable impedance reading.

A non-resonant ESR instrument/probe that can easily accept an identification card (or the like) form factor device incorporating a radiation sensitive material providing reliable and calibrated dose measurement stably and permanently stored into the device and deployed to individual, persons, animals, or objects, to act as a personal-surrogate dosimeter primarily in radiation mass events with radiation dose derived from a measure of the radiation induced changes in paramagnetic density obtained via transmission mode electron spin resonance measurements.

An alanine criticality accident dosimeter comprising at least two alanine pellets and at least two alanine pellets enhanced with moderator, and each pair of alanine pellet and enhanced alanine pellet is covered with a neutron filer or a photon filter. An improved method to determine radiation dose of a subject after an accident by measuring alanine pellets from a criticality accident dosimeter with neutron sensitivity, and improved discrimination between photon and neutron dose contributions.

An alanine criticality accident dosimeter comprising at least two alanine pellets and at least two alanine pellets enhanced with moderator, and each pair of alanine pellet and enhanced alanine pellet is covered with a neutron filer or a photon filter. An improved method to determine radiation dose of a subject after an accident by measuring alanine pellets from a criticality accident dosimeter with neutron sensitivity, and improved discrimination between photon and neutron dose contributions.

A radiation dosimetry sol or gel, and a radiation dosimeter containing the sol or the gel as a material for radiation dosimetry. A radiation dosimetry sol or gel including a compound (A) having an excitation light-induced fluorescence property that is changed by a radiolysis product of water; and a silicate salt (B). A radiation dosimetry sol or gel including a compound (A) having an excitation light-induced fluorescence property that is changed by a radiolysis product of water; a silicate salt (B); a water-soluble organic polymer (C) having an organic acid salt structure or an organic acid anion structure; and a dispersant (D) for the silicate salt (B). A radiation dosimeter including, as a material for radiation dosimetry, the above-mentioned radiation dosimetry sol or gel.

A radiation dosimetry sol or gel, and a radiation dosimeter containing the sol or the gel as a material for radiation dosimetry. A radiation dosimetry sol or gel including a compound (A) having an excitation light-induced fluorescence property that is changed by a radiolysis product of water; and a silicate salt (B). A radiation dosimetry sol or gel including a compound (A) having an excitation light-induced fluorescence property that is changed by a radiolysis product of water; a silicate salt (B); a water-soluble organic polymer (C) having an organic acid salt structure or an organic acid anion structure; and a dispersant (D) for the silicate salt (B). A radiation dosimeter including, as a material for radiation dosimetry, the above-mentioned radiation dosimetry sol or gel.

Apparatuses (devices, systems) and methods for shielding (protecting) surroundings around periphery of regions of interest located inside objects (e.g., patients) from radiation emitted by X-ray systems towards the objects. Apparatus includes: at least one radiation shield assembly including a support base connectable to an X-ray system radiation source or detector, and a plurality of radiation shield segments sequentially positioned relative to the support base, thereby forming a contiguous radiopaque screen configured for spanning around the region of interest periphery with a radiopaque screen edge opposing the object. Radiation shield segments are individually, actively controllable to extend or contract to selected lengths with respective free ends in directions away from or towards the support base(s), for locally changing contour of the radiopaque screen edge. Applicable for shielding (protecting) medical personnel, and patients, from exposure to X-ray radiation during medical interventions or/and diagnostics.

Apparatuses (devices, systems) and methods for shielding (protecting) surroundings around periphery of regions of interest located inside objects (e.g., patients) from radiation emitted by X-ray systems towards the objects. Apparatus includes: at least one radiation shield assembly including a support base connectable to an X-ray system radiation source or detector, and a plurality of radiation shield segments sequentially positioned relative to the support base, thereby forming a contiguous radiopaque screen configured for spanning around the region of interest periphery with a radiopaque screen edge opposing the object. Radiation shield segments are individually, actively controllable to extend or contract to selected lengths with respective free ends in directions away from or towards the support base(s), for locally changing contour of the radiopaque screen edge. Applicable for shielding (protecting) medical personnel, and patients, from exposure to X-ray radiation during medical interventions or/and diagnostics.