An electron paramagnetic resonance device includes a crystalline, emission-sensitive mass and a housing containing the device. The mass includes structurally incorporated carbonate content in a range of about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight of the mass, one or more structurally incorporated non-calcium metallic cations, and one or more structurally incorporated phosphate anions. When irradiated with a known source, the EPR device may function as a reference. When unirradiated, the EPR may function as a dosimeter. As a dosimeter, the EPR device may be used as a personal dosimeter or as a monitor for inanimate objects being subjected to radiation sources. The EPR dosimeter may be used for both gamma radiation and neutron radiation measurements.

An electron paramagnetic resonance device includes a crystalline, emission-sensitive mass and a housing containing the device. The mass includes structurally incorporated carbonate content in a range of about 3% by weight to about 10% by weight of the mass, one or more structurally incorporated non-calcium metallic cations, and one or more structurally incorporated phosphate anions. When irradiated with a known source, the EPR device may function as a reference. When unirradiated, the EPR may function as a dosimeter. As a dosimeter, the EPR device may be used as a personal dosimeter or as a monitor for inanimate objects being subjected to radiation sources. The EPR dosimeter may be used for both gamma radiation and neutron radiation measurements.

Compositions, devices, and methods for determining ionizing radiation are generally described.

Compositions, devices, and methods for determining ionizing radiation are generally described.

Provided are a method for measuring dose distribution in a mixed radiation field of neutrons and gamma rays, and a method for measuring beam uniformity of a mixed radiation field of neutrons and gamma rays. The planar dose measuring method includes: a step of obtaining a total dose of neutrons and gamma rays by measuring with a dosimeter; and a step of analyzing a neutron dose. The method may effectively measure the doses of neutrons and gamma rays, may be applied to beam measurement and treatment plan validation, and thus improve the quality of treatment.

Provided is a method and an apparatus for indicating minimum exposure of a surface to UVC light emitted by a source during a decontamination process to achieve a desired level of pathogen reduction. The apparatus includes a photochromic material to be applied to, or applied adjacent to the surface. The photochromic material is to exhibit a visible response to receiving the minimum exposure to the UVC light, and exhibit the visible response to a lesser extent after the photochromic material ceases to be exposed to the UVC light emitted by the source. A protective layer of material that is substantially transparent to the UVC light emitted by the source is positioned over the photochromic material to be disposed between the source and the photochromic material during the decontamination process.

A dosimetry device includes a first chamber formed on a substrate with a first decomposable barrier sensitive to radiation and a first chemical component. A second chamber is formed on the substrate in proximity of the first chamber and includes a second decomposable barrier sensitive to radiation and a second chemical component. Upon a radiation event, decomposition of the first and second barriers of the first and second chambers permits a mixing of the first and second chemical components to cause a visible change of the dosimetry device.

A dosimetry device includes a first chamber formed on a substrate with a first decomposable barrier sensitive to radiation and a first chemical component. A second chamber is formed on the substrate in proximity of the first chamber and includes a second decomposable barrier sensitive to radiation and a second chemical component. Upon a radiation event, decomposition of the first and second barriers of the first and second chambers permits a mixing of the first and second chemical components to cause a visible change of the dosimetry device.

A gel forming composition for radiation dosimetry, and a high sensitivity and high safety radiation dosimeter using a gel formed from the composition. A gel forming composition for radiation dosimetry comprising a gelator and a compound of Formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, etc.; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, an optionally substituted monovalent C.sub.6-12 aromatic group, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 form a 4- to 8-membered ring together with a carbon atom to which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are bonded, and the 4-to 8-membered ring may have 0 to 3 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, or sulfur atoms as a ring atom, provided that R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom).

A gel forming composition for radiation dosimetry, and a high sensitivity and high safety radiation dosimeter using a gel formed from the composition. A gel forming composition for radiation dosimetry comprising a gelator and a compound of Formula (1):

##STR00001##

(wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, etc.; and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, an optionally substituted monovalent C.sub.6-12 aromatic group, or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 form a 4- to 8-membered ring together with a carbon atom to which R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are bonded, and the 4-to 8-membered ring may have 0 to 3 nitrogen atoms, oxygen atoms, or sulfur atoms as a ring atom, provided that R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are not simultaneously a hydrogen atom).