An optical module that includes (a) an optical interface that includes an input surface and an output surface, and (b) a scintillator that has a flat surface. The scintillator is configured emit emitted light through the flat surface in response to an impingement of a charged particle on the scintillator. The flat surface is optically coupled to the input surface. The optical interface is configured to (i) receive the emitted light from the scintillator and (ii) output, via the output surface, output light. An optical interface refractive index substantially equals a scintillator refractive index.

What is described and claimed is a dosimeter for measuring a radiation dose of ionizing radiation comprising a measurement chamber and a light sensor, wherein the measurement chamber is filled with a fluorophore and is lightproof, such that no light from the surroundings can be incident in the measurement chamber, and wherein the light sensor is configured to detect fluorescent light generated by ionizing radiation in the fluorophore in the measurement chamber and to generate a signal that is proportional to the fluence of the detected fluorescent light. Furthermore, the use of such a dosimeter, and a spectrometer comprising a plurality of such dosimeters are presented and claimed.

What is described and claimed is a dosimeter for measuring a radiation dose of ionizing radiation comprising a measurement chamber and a light sensor, wherein the measurement chamber is filled with a fluorophore and is lightproof, such that no light from the surroundings can be incident in the measurement chamber, and wherein the light sensor is configured to detect fluorescent light generated by ionizing radiation in the fluorophore in the measurement chamber and to generate a signal that is proportional to the fluence of the detected fluorescent light. Furthermore, the use of such a dosimeter, and a spectrometer comprising a plurality of such dosimeters are presented and claimed.

Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring the distribution of radiation dose emitted from a brachytherapy insertion tool, the apparatus including a housing having defined therein a measurement space in which the brachytherapy insertion tool is located, a fluorescent member disposed at the housing, the fluorescent member being configured to react with radiation emitted to the measurement space and to emit light, a camera disposed in the housing, and a cover coupled to one surface of the housing, the cover being configured to cover the fluorescent member. The portion of the fluorescent member to which radiation from a radiation source of the brachytherapy insertion tool is applied reacts with the radiation and generates light, brightness of the light varies depending on distribution of the radiation, and the position at which the light is bright is calculated to measure the direction in which the brachytherapy insertion tool has no shielding.

Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring the distribution of radiation dose emitted from a brachytherapy insertion tool, the apparatus including a housing having defined therein a measurement space in which the brachytherapy insertion tool is located, a fluorescent member disposed at the housing, the fluorescent member being configured to react with radiation emitted to the measurement space and to emit light, a camera disposed in the housing, and a cover coupled to one surface of the housing, the cover being configured to cover the fluorescent member. The portion of the fluorescent member to which radiation from a radiation source of the brachytherapy insertion tool is applied reacts with the radiation and generates light, brightness of the light varies depending on distribution of the radiation, and the position at which the light is bright is calculated to measure the direction in which the brachytherapy insertion tool has no shielding.

A screw compressor includes a screw rotor, a casing, and a fluid supply portion to supply fluid in a membrane form into a compression chamber in the casing. The screw rotor has a male and female rotors. A male bore covering the male rotor and a female bore covering the female rotor are formed on the inner surface of the casing. An intersection line, on a higher pressure side, of the male and female bores is defined as a compression cusp. In a bore development view, a trajectory made by the first intersection of an extension line of a female lobe ridge and a male lobe ridge being moved, along with the rotation of the male and female rotors, is defined as a trajectory line. An opening of the fluid supply section to the compression chamber is positioned between the compression cusp and the trajectory line.

A screw compressor includes a screw rotor, a casing, and a fluid supply portion to supply fluid in a membrane form into a compression chamber in the casing. The screw rotor has a male and female rotors. A male bore covering the male rotor and a female bore covering the female rotor are formed on the inner surface of the casing. An intersection line, on a higher pressure side, of the male and female bores is defined as a compression cusp. In a bore development view, a trajectory made by the first intersection of an extension line of a female lobe ridge and a male lobe ridge being moved, along with the rotation of the male and female rotors, is defined as a trajectory line. An opening of the fluid supply section to the compression chamber is positioned between the compression cusp and the trajectory line.

What is described and claimed is a dosimeter for measuring a radiation dose of ionizing radiation comprising a measurement chamber and a light sensor, wherein the measurement chamber is filled with a fluorophore and is lightproof, such that no light from the surroundings can be incident in the measurement chamber, and wherein the light sensor is configured to detect fluorescent light generated by ionizing radiation in the fluorophore in the measurement chamber and to generate a signal that is proportional to the fluence of the detected fluorescent light. Furthermore, the use of such a dosimeter, and a spectrometer comprising a plurality of such dosimeters are presented and claimed.

What is described and claimed is a dosimeter for measuring a radiation dose of ionizing radiation comprising a measurement chamber and a light sensor, wherein the measurement chamber is filled with a fluorophore and is lightproof, such that no light from the surroundings can be incident in the measurement chamber, and wherein the light sensor is configured to detect fluorescent light generated by ionizing radiation in the fluorophore in the measurement chamber and to generate a signal that is proportional to the fluence of the detected fluorescent light. Furthermore, the use of such a dosimeter, and a spectrometer comprising a plurality of such dosimeters are presented and claimed.

This dosimeter comprises: a transducer material capable, when it is excited by a secondary ionizing radiation, of generating photons or electric charges, an amplifying layer capable, in response to its excitation by the primary ionizing radiation, of generating the secondary ionizing radiation.

This amplifying layer comprises a first and a second amplifying sublayer stacked on top of one another. The first and the second amplifying sublayers are composed of at least 70%, by weight, respectively, of at least one first and one second material, the atomic numbers of which are greater than or equal to 29. The atomic number of the first material being less than the atomic number of the second material. The first sublayer is interposed between the second sublayer and the transducer material.