A radon gas sensor comprising: a diffusion chamber; a photodiode positioned inside the diffusion chamber; and a photomultiplier positioned inside the diffusion chamber; wherein a scintillating material is provided on at least a part of an inner surface of the diffusion chamber. The photomultiplier detects more alpha particles, but cannot distinguish the energies of different alpha particles. On the other hand, the photodiode can distinguish different decays because the magnitude of the signal generated by the photodiode is proportional to the kinetic energy of the alpha particle striking it. Thus, the photodiode produces spectral data. The spectral data is used to estimate the amount of Polonium that is adhering to aerosols. This is used to apply a correction factor to the data to provide a better estimate of the true Radon concentration in the chamber. This can be combined with the count data of the photomultiplier for overall improved data.

The invention provides a detection system for ionizing radiation, a method of manufacturing a detection system for ionizing radiation, a method of detecting ionizing radiation, a detection chamber for detecting ionizing radiation by liquid scintillation counting, and a method of detecting ionizing radiation by liquid scintillation counting. The detection system for ionizing radiation comprises a detector with a detection surface. The detector is configured to detect ionizing radiation that is incident on the detection surface. An adsorption layer is provided on said detection surface, the adsorption layer being configured to bind target particles, wherein the target particles are radioactive atoms or molecules.

Methods for assessing fiber and bundle orientations and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composite materials using Thermal Digital Image Correlation (TDIC) are disclosed. In some examples, the method comprises exposing the composite material to a temperature change; imaging the composite material at a plurality of time points before, during and/or after the temperature change; and assessing the characteristic of the composite material based on the imaging. In others, temperature changes naturally occur during the cooling process after manufacturing can be employed for this method such as compression molding process, injection molding process, resin transfer molding processes and its variants.

Methods for assessing fiber and bundle orientations and mechanical properties of fiber reinforced composite materials using Thermal Digital Image Correlation (TDIC) are disclosed. In some examples, the method comprises exposing the composite material to a temperature change; imaging the composite material at a plurality of time points before, during and/or after the temperature change; and assessing the characteristic of the composite material based on the imaging. In others, temperature changes naturally occur during the cooling process after manufacturing can be employed for this method such as compression molding process, injection molding process, resin transfer molding processes and its variants.

A radiation detecting attachment comprising four radiation detectors configured to detect radiation from an object of detection W, attached removably to a working machine, wherein the radiation detecting attachment is supported by the working machine movably when the radiation detecting attachment is attached to the working machine, and is supported by an arm body of the working machine swingably, and a distance between the radiation detectors and the other radiation detectors is changeable. This makes it possible to use the radiation detectors efficiently and in a versatile manner.

A radiation detecting attachment comprising four radiation detectors configured to detect radiation from an object of detection W, attached removably to a working machine, wherein the radiation detecting attachment is supported by the working machine movably when the radiation detecting attachment is attached to the working machine, and is supported by an arm body of the working machine swingably, and a distance between the radiation detectors and the other radiation detectors is changeable. This makes it possible to use the radiation detectors efficiently and in a versatile manner.

A method for identifying emitting species (S.sub.1-S.sub.N) emitting X- or gamma radiation in a scene, wherein a spectrum of the radiation is supplied as input of a first set of a plurality of convolutional neural networks, each convolutional neural network of the first set being associated with at least one atomic species to be identified and having at least one output indicative of the presence or the absence of the atomic species in the scene. Advantageously, a second set of a plurality of convolutional neural networks makes it possible to determine a signal proportion of each emitting species present in the X- or gamma radiation emanating from the scene. Also disclosed is a device for implementing such a method.

A radiation sensor device may include at least one radiation sensor configured to capture radiation measurement data, a location circuit to determine physical location data, a clock to provide timestamp data, and one or more communication interfaces configured to communicate with a radiation mapping system through one or more of a communication network or a communications link. The device may include a processor configured to selectively control a frequency of operation of the one or more sensors to capture the radiation measurement data based on changes to the physical location data. The device may be configured to correlate the radiation measurement data to the physical location data and the timestamp and to determine an anomalous radiation measurement based on the radiation measurement data relative to background radiation data. The device may send an alert to the radiation mapping system in response to determining the anomalous radiation measurement.

A radiation sensor device may include at least one radiation sensor configured to capture radiation measurement data, a location circuit to determine physical location data, a clock to provide timestamp data, and one or more communication interfaces configured to communicate with a radiation mapping system through one or more of a communication network or a communications link. The device may include a processor configured to selectively control a frequency of operation of the one or more sensors to capture the radiation measurement data based on changes to the physical location data. The device may be configured to correlate the radiation measurement data to the physical location data and the timestamp and to determine an anomalous radiation measurement based on the radiation measurement data relative to background radiation data. The device may send an alert to the radiation mapping system in response to determining the anomalous radiation measurement.

A method for joint measuring argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age of an extraterrestrial sample is provided. The method for joint measuring determining argon age and cosmic ray exposure age may include: step A, sample packaging; step B, placing the packaged samples into a neutron reactor for irradiation; and step C, determining Ar isotopes of the packaged samples after being performed with a neutron irradiation and thereby calculating argon-argon age and cosmic ray exposure age. The method can overcome the defects of the prior art, and achieve high-precision simultaneous determination of the argon-argon age and the cosmic ray exposure age of samples.