A system identifying a source of radiation is provided. The system includes a radiation source detector and a radiation source identifier. The radiation source detector receives measurements of radiation; for one or more sources, generates a detection metric indicating whether that source is present in the measurements; and evaluates the detection metrics to detect whether a source is present in the measurements. When the presence of a source in the measurements is detected, the radiation source identifier for one or more sources, generates an identification metric indicating whether that source is present in the measurements; generates a null-hypothesis metric indicating whether no source is present in the measurements; evaluates the one or more identification metrics and the null-hypothesis metric to identify the source, if any, that is present in the measurements.

A system identifying a source of radiation is provided. The system includes a radiation source detector and a radiation source identifier. The radiation source detector receives measurements of radiation; for one or more sources, generates a detection metric indicating whether that source is present in the measurements; and evaluates the detection metrics to detect whether a source is present in the measurements. When the presence of a source in the measurements is detected, the radiation source identifier for one or more sources, generates an identification metric indicating whether that source is present in the measurements; generates a null-hypothesis metric indicating whether no source is present in the measurements; evaluates the one or more identification metrics and the null-hypothesis metric to identify the source, if any, that is present in the measurements.

Disclosed herein is method comprising: while an image sensor is at a first position relative to a radiation source, capturing a first set of images of portions of a scene respectively when the image sensor and the radiation source are collectively rotated relative to the scene about a first axis to a plurality of rotational positions; while the image sensor is at a second position relative to the radiation source, capturing a second set of images of portions of the scene respectively when the image sensor and the radiation source are collectively rotated relative to the scene about the first axis to the plurality of rotational positions; and forming an image of the scene by stitching an image of the first set and an image of the second set.

A method for multidimensional direction measurement of gamma radiation in the far field by means of a group of several energy discriminating detectors synchronized with each other for detection of radiation can use unidirectional and bidirectional Compton scattering processes and lookup tables LUT.sup.SK, a defined functional value f(E1,E2), a list of defined detector pairs with an identification number i for defined detector pairs, and one or more frequency distributions Y for the acquisition of the measurement values. In some embodiments, the method can include setting up a detector system, acquiring measurement values, associating coincidence events with an Identification number, calculating a functional value, acquiring coincidence events in frequency distributions, and calculating one or more direction distributions from the frequency distributions.

A method for multidimensional direction measurement of gamma radiation in the far field by means of a group of several energy discriminating detectors synchronized with each other for detection of radiation can use unidirectional and bidirectional Compton scattering processes and lookup tables LUT.sup.SK, a defined functional value f(E1,E2), a list of defined detector pairs with an identification number i for defined detector pairs, and one or more frequency distributions Y for the acquisition of the measurement values. In some embodiments, the method can include setting up a detector system, acquiring measurement values, associating coincidence events with an Identification number, calculating a functional value, acquiring coincidence events in frequency distributions, and calculating one or more direction distributions from the frequency distributions.

The method and device to ensure the safety of people's life and health is based on the measurements of an intensity of spontaneous electromagnetic radiation caused by a deformation from a structure or a device, a nucleation and a growth of plant cells and living organisms; calculating an energy stored in a portion of a structure or cells based on the measured intensity; performing a comparison of the energy stored in the portion of the structure with a critical value for the structure and pathological changes in the cells; and indicate a potential failure of the structure or the level of pathological changes based on the performed comparison.

The method and device to ensure the safety of people's life and health is based on the measurements of an intensity of spontaneous electromagnetic radiation caused by a deformation from a structure or a device, a nucleation and a growth of plant cells and living organisms; calculating an energy stored in a portion of a structure or cells based on the measured intensity; performing a comparison of the energy stored in the portion of the structure with a critical value for the structure and pathological changes in the cells; and indicate a potential failure of the structure or the level of pathological changes based on the performed comparison.

Provided herein are neutron-based detection systems and methods that provide, for example, high throughput analysis of elemental analysis of scrap materials. Such systems and methods find use for the commercial-scale evaluation of bulk process materials where hazardous or otherwise undesirable materials or high value materials may be interspersed with the primary process material. In certain embodiments, the system is used to detect and potentially remove unexploded ordinance (UXO) from a conveyor of demilitarized shell casings being recycled by detecting the presence of nitrogen and other elements present in the UXO. In other embodiments, the system detects and removes unwanted or highly valuable materials from a stream of scrap material.

A method for tracing materials to its source through the insertion of one or more physical tracers made of one or more radioisotopes at the source or sources, and the measurement of radioactivity at the source(s), as well as latter stages of the product production process are disclosed. The radioactivity data at the insertion time, as well as at every stage in which it is measured, is securely stored in one or more databases. The material to source matching process is accomplished by reading each radioisotope's radioactivity and comparing it to the emissivity it would have if coming from a determined source which is predictable.

A method for tracing materials to its source through the insertion of one or more physical tracers made of one or more radioisotopes at the source or sources, and the measurement of radioactivity at the source(s), as well as latter stages of the product production process are disclosed. The radioactivity data at the insertion time, as well as at every stage in which it is measured, is securely stored in one or more databases. The material to source matching process is accomplished by reading each radioisotope's radioactivity and comparing it to the emissivity it would have if coming from a determined source which is predictable.