A system identifying a source of radiation is provided. The system includes a radiation source detector and a radiation source identifier. The radiation source detector receives measurements of radiation; for one or more sources, generates a detection metric indicating whether that source is present in the measurements; and evaluates the detection metrics to detect whether a source is present in the measurements. When the presence of a source in the measurements is detected, the radiation source identifier for one or more sources, generates an identification metric indicating whether that source is present in the measurements; generates a null-hypothesis metric indicating whether no source is present in the measurements; evaluates the one or more identification metrics and the null-hypothesis metric to identify the source, if any, that is present in the measurements.

Method for producing a reconstruction image, the reconstruction image showing a position of irradiating sources in an environment, the reconstruction image being established on the basis of gamma images acquired by a gamma camera, which is sensitive to ionizing electromagnetic radiation, and movable relative to at least one irradiating source between two different measurement times, the gamma camera being joined to a visible camera, which is configured to form a visible image of the environment, the gamma camera and the visible camera defining an observation field, the method comprising establishing a reconstruction image, showing a position of at least one irradiation source in the observation field, the gamma camera and the visible camera being moved between at least two measurement times.

Method for producing a reconstruction image, the reconstruction image showing a position of irradiating sources in an environment, the reconstruction image being established on the basis of gamma images acquired by a gamma camera, which is sensitive to ionizing electromagnetic radiation, and movable relative to at least one irradiating source between two different measurement times, the gamma camera being joined to a visible camera, which is configured to form a visible image of the environment, the gamma camera and the visible camera defining an observation field, the method comprising establishing a reconstruction image, showing a position of at least one irradiation source in the observation field, the gamma camera and the visible camera being moved between at least two measurement times.

A radiation detection system that includes a radiation detector, a photo multiplier tube, and a pulse height analyzer. The radiation detector is configured to emit light when exposed to radiation. The photo multiplier tube is configured to convert the light to an electrical signal. The pulse height analyzer is configured to output at least one value associated with an amount of radiation detected based on at least in part on the electrical signal.

A radiation detection system that includes a radiation detector, a photo multiplier tube, and a pulse height analyzer. The radiation detector is configured to emit light when exposed to radiation. The photo multiplier tube is configured to convert the light to an electrical signal. The pulse height analyzer is configured to output at least one value associated with an amount of radiation detected based on at least in part on the electrical signal.

Techniques for determining the suitability of a subterranean formation as a hazardous waste repository include determining a neutron flux of a first isotope in a subterranean formation; calculating, based at least in part on the determined neutron flux of the first isotope, a predicted production rate of a second isotope in the subterranean formation; calculating a first ratio of the predicted production rate of the second isotope relative to a theoretical production rate of a stable form of the second isotope; measuring respective concentrations of the second isotope and the stable form of the second isotope in a subterranean water sample; calculating a second ratio of the measured concentration of the second isotope relative to the measured concentration of the stable form of the second isotope; and based on a comparison of the first and second ratios, determining that the subterranean formation is suitable as a hazardous waste repository.

Disclosed herein is an X-ray imaging system suitable for detecting x-ray, comprising: a first X-ray detector, and a second X-ray detector; wherein the first X-ray detector is configured to move relative to the second X-ray detector; wherein a spatial resolution of the first X-ray detector is higher than a spatial resolution of the second X-ray detector; wherein a detection area of the first X-ray detector is smaller than a detection area of the second X-ray detector. Also described herein is a method of X-ray imaging using the X-ray imaging system.

An integrated monitoring system for radiological surveillance of groundwater and an operation method thereof are disclosed. The integrated monitoring system for radiological surveillance of groundwater around a nuclear facility according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a field monitoring system configured to monitor sectionally isolated groundwater characteristics by establishing a multiple packer system at each depth in groundwater around the nuclear facility, and measure whether or not radioactive contamination has occurred at each depth in groundwater pumped through an automatic branching apparatus connected to a sectional groundwater flow pipe isolatedly disposed at the each depth, and convert field measurement data acquired based on the measurement result into a DB and transmit the DB to a remote monitoring apparatus over a network, and the remote monitoring apparatus configured to remotely control the field monitoring system, and receive the DB-based field measurement data from the field monitoring system, and analyze the received field measurement data to predict a radioactive contaminant source, and provide a contaminant plume showing the distribution characteristics of contaminants in 3D graphic processing.

An integrated monitoring system for radiological surveillance of groundwater and an operation method thereof are disclosed. The integrated monitoring system for radiological surveillance of groundwater around a nuclear facility according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may include a field monitoring system configured to monitor sectionally isolated groundwater characteristics by establishing a multiple packer system at each depth in groundwater around the nuclear facility, and measure whether or not radioactive contamination has occurred at each depth in groundwater pumped through an automatic branching apparatus connected to a sectional groundwater flow pipe isolatedly disposed at the each depth, and convert field measurement data acquired based on the measurement result into a DB and transmit the DB to a remote monitoring apparatus over a network, and the remote monitoring apparatus configured to remotely control the field monitoring system, and receive the DB-based field measurement data from the field monitoring system, and analyze the received field measurement data to predict a radioactive contaminant source, and provide a contaminant plume showing the distribution characteristics of contaminants in 3D graphic processing.

Techniques for determining the suitability of a subterranean formation as a hazardous waste repository include determining a neutron flux of a first isotope in a subterranean formation; calculating, based at least in part on the determined neutron flux of the first isotope, a predicted production rate of a second isotope in the subterranean formation; calculating a first ratio of the predicted production rate of the second isotope relative to a theoretical production rate of a stable form of the second isotope; measuring respective concentrations of the second isotope and the stable form of the second isotope in a subterranean water sample; calculating a second ratio of the measured concentration of the second isotope relative to the measured concentration of the stable form of the second isotope; and based on a comparison of the first and second ratios, determining that the subterranean formation is suitable as a hazardous waste repository.