The present invention relates to a photon counting X-ray detector and detection method that effectively suppress polarization even under high flux conditions. The proposed detector comprises a photon counting semiconductor element (10) for generating electron-hole pairs in response to incident X-ray photons, a cathode electrode (11a, 11b; 21a, 21b; 31a, 31b, 31c, 31ac, 31d; 41a, 41b; 51a, 51b) arranged on a first side (10a) of said semiconductor element (10) facing incited X-ray radiation, said cathode electrode comprising two interdigitated cathode elements (11a, 11b; 21a, 21b; 31a, 31b, 31c, 31ac, 31d; 41a, 41b; 1a, 51b), a pixelated anode electrode (12) arranged on a second side (10b) of said semiconductor element (10) opposite said first side (10a), a power source (13) for applying a bias voltage between said cathode electrode and said anode electrode and for temporarily applying an injection voltage between said cathode elements (11a, 11b; 21a, 21b; 31a, 31b, 31c, 31ac, 31d; 41a, 41b; 51a, 51b), and a readout unit (14) for reading out electrical signals from said pixelated anode electrode (12).

The present invention relates to a photon counting X-ray detector and detection method that effectively suppress polarization even under high flux conditions. The proposed detector comprises a photon counting semiconductor element (10) for generating electron-hole pairs in response to incident X-ray photons, a cathode electrode (11a, 11b; 21a, 21b; 31a, 31b, 31c, 31ac, 31d; 41a, 41b; 51a, 51b) arranged on a first side (10a) of said semiconductor element (10) facing incited X-ray radiation, said cathode electrode comprising two interdigitated cathode elements (11a, 11b; 21a, 21b; 31a, 31b, 31c, 31ac, 31d; 41a, 41b; 1a, 51b), a pixelated anode electrode (12) arranged on a second side (10b) of said semiconductor element (10) opposite said first side (10a), a power source (13) for applying a bias voltage between said cathode electrode and said anode electrode and for temporarily applying an injection voltage between said cathode elements (11a, 11b; 21a, 21b; 31a, 31b, 31c, 31ac, 31d; 41a, 41b; 51a, 51b), and a readout unit (14) for reading out electrical signals from said pixelated anode electrode (12).

According to one embodiment, a radiation detector includes a metal member, a capacitor, and a first charge-sensitive amplifier. The metal member includes a first portion and a second portion. The capacitor is electrically connected to the second portion. The first charge-sensitive amplifier is electrically connected to the first portion. The first charge-sensitive amplifier outputs a signal corresponding to -rays incident on the metal member.

According to one embodiment, a radiation detector includes a metal member, a capacitor, and a first charge-sensitive amplifier. The metal member includes a first portion and a second portion. The capacitor is electrically connected to the second portion. The first charge-sensitive amplifier is electrically connected to the first portion. The first charge-sensitive amplifier outputs a signal corresponding to -rays incident on the metal member.

According to one embodiment, a radiation detector includes a metal member, a capacitor, and a first charge-sensitive amplifier. The metal member includes a first portion and a second portion. The capacitor is electrically connected to the second portion. The first charge-sensitive amplifier is electrically connected to the first portion. The first charge-sensitive amplifier outputs a signal corresponding to -rays incident on the metal member.

In one embodiment, a charged-particle trajectory measurement apparatus for measuring a trajectory of a cosmic ray muon as a charged particle includes: a plurality of detectors, each of which generates a detection signal at the time of detecting a cosmic ray muon; a signal processing circuit that processes the detection signal from the detector; a time calculator that calculates the generation time point of the detection signal from the detector on the basis of the signal outputted from the signal processing circuit; a trajectory calculator that calculates the trajectory of the cosmic ray muon on the basis of the generation time point of the detection signal and the positional information of the detector having detected the cosmic ray muon, wherein the signal processing circuit and each of the detectors are integrally configured by being coupled to each other.

In one embodiment, a charged-particle trajectory measurement apparatus for measuring a trajectory of a cosmic ray muon as a charged particle includes: a plurality of detectors, each of which generates a detection signal at the time of detecting a cosmic ray muon; a signal processing circuit that processes the detection signal from the detector; a time calculator that calculates the generation time point of the detection signal from the detector on the basis of the signal outputted from the signal processing circuit; a trajectory calculator that calculates the trajectory of the cosmic ray muon on the basis of the generation time point of the detection signal and the positional information of the detector having detected the cosmic ray muon, wherein the signal processing circuit and each of the detectors are integrally configured by being coupled to each other.

Various configurations of muon drift tubes for use in muon tomography are described and involve aluminum end caps coupled to an aluminum tube, an electrode in each of the end caps, and an anode wire extending between the electrodes. A two-part electrically conductive, gas-sealed, connection is located between an aluminum end cap and the aluminum tube. Methods of making those configurations of muon drift tubes are also described.

A radiation image forming apparatus includes a detection unit including a plurality of Compton cameras. Each of the plurality of Compton cameras including a radiation detection device that includes a plurality of pixels, each configured to detect an electron generated by the track of a recoil electron generated by Compton scattering, and is configured to output a detection signal configured to specify the position of a pixel that has detected the electron and a time when the pixel has detected the electron, and a detection module configured to detect the incident position of scattered rays generated by the Compton scattering. The plurality of the Compton cameras arranged annularly to surround a region in which a specimen is placed.

A radiation image forming apparatus includes a detection unit including a plurality of Compton cameras. Each of the plurality of Compton cameras including a radiation detection device that includes a plurality of pixels, each configured to detect an electron generated by the track of a recoil electron generated by Compton scattering, and is configured to output a detection signal configured to specify the position of a pixel that has detected the electron and a time when the pixel has detected the electron, and a detection module configured to detect the incident position of scattered rays generated by the Compton scattering. The plurality of the Compton cameras arranged annularly to surround a region in which a specimen is placed.