A radiation dosimeter includes a first radiation detector configured to operate in a counting mode, and a second radiation detector configured to operate in a current mode. A processor is configured to calculate a first detected dose of the first radiation detector, a second detected dose of the second radiation detector, and a total dose value using the first detected dose and the second detected dose. An alarm indicates when the total dose value is above a predetermined level.

Ultrasensitive, miniaturized, and inexpensive ion and ionizing radiation detection devices are provided. The devices include an insulating substrate, metallic contact pads disposed on a surface of the substrate, and a strip of an ultrathin two-dimensional material having a thickness of one or a few atomic layers. The strip is in contact with the contact pads, and a voltage is applied across the two-dimensional sensor material. Individual ions contacting the two-dimensional material alter the current flowing through the material and are detected. The devices can be used in a network of monitors for high energy ions and ionizing radiation.

Ultrasensitive, miniaturized, and inexpensive ion and ionizing radiation detection devices are provided. The devices include an insulating substrate, metallic contact pads disposed on a surface of the substrate, and a strip of an ultrathin two-dimensional material having a thickness of one or a few atomic layers. The strip is in contact with the contact pads, and a voltage is applied across the two-dimensional sensor material. Individual ions contacting the two-dimensional material alter the current flowing through the material and are detected. The devices can be used in a network of monitors for high energy ions and ionizing radiation.

A particle beam detector array with a cathode plane offset from an anode plane and a sensitive region between the cathode plane and the anode plane. The cathode plane and the anode plane are configured to create an electric field within the sensitive region. The anode plane has sensor pads configured to conduct electric current based on the fluence and position of an incident particle beam. A first plurality of conductive pins extends away from the sensor pads into the sensitive region. Each pin of the first plurality of pins is electrically coupled to one of the sensor pads. The sensor pads may be coupled to a series of strips with at least two layers, where each layer is associated with a different axis of at least two axes. A second plurality of pins may be electrically coupled to and extend away from the cathode plane into the sensitive region.

A particle beam detector array with a cathode plane offset from an anode plane and a sensitive region between the cathode plane and the anode plane. The cathode plane and the anode plane are configured to create an electric field within the sensitive region. The anode plane has sensor pads configured to conduct electric current based on the fluence and position of an incident particle beam. A first plurality of conductive pins extends away from the sensor pads into the sensitive region. Each pin of the first plurality of pins is electrically coupled to one of the sensor pads. The sensor pads may be coupled to a series of strips with at least two layers, where each layer is associated with a different axis of at least two axes. A second plurality of pins may be electrically coupled to and extend away from the cathode plane into the sensitive region.

A muon detector includes: a chamber having a maximum cross-sectional dimension of 30 cm or less; a gas sealed inside the chamber ionized by the passage of atmospheric muons to form ions in the chamber; a cathode in the chamber at a first position; an anode in the chamber displaced from the first position, the anode including a mesh of wires; a micropattern gaseous detector arranged between the cathode and the anode and proximate to the anode and configured to receive the ions formed in the chamber between the anode and the cathode and generate electrons in response to each ion sufficient to generate a current in one or more of the mesh wires of the anode; and readout electronics in electrical communication with the anode to detect signals in response to the current generated in the mesh wires.

A muon detector includes: a chamber having a maximum cross-sectional dimension of 30 cm or less; a gas sealed inside the chamber ionized by the passage of atmospheric muons to form ions in the chamber; a cathode in the chamber at a first position; an anode in the chamber displaced from the first position, the anode including a mesh of wires; a micropattern gaseous detector arranged between the cathode and the anode and proximate to the anode and configured to receive the ions formed in the chamber between the anode and the cathode and generate electrons in response to each ion sufficient to generate a current in one or more of the mesh wires of the anode; and readout electronics in electrical communication with the anode to detect signals in response to the current generated in the mesh wires.

The invention relates to a detecting unit for detecting ionizing radiation. The device comprises a converter unit for the amplification of ionizing radiation and a read-out unit, wherein the converter unit comprises a converter and a gas-electron multiplier, wherein said converter comprises a substrate with an ionizing radiation-receiving major surface and an electron-emitting major surface and a stack of accelerator plates in contact with the electron-emitting major side, wherein said stack comprises a plurality of perforated accelerator plates wherein the perforations of the perforated accelerator plates are aligned to form a matrix of blind holes.

The invention relates to a detecting unit for detecting ionizing radiation. The device comprises a converter unit for the amplification of ionizing radiation and a read-out unit, wherein the converter unit comprises a converter and a gas-electron multiplier, wherein said converter comprises a substrate with an ionizing radiation-receiving major surface and an electron-emitting major surface and a stack of accelerator plates in contact with the electron-emitting major side, wherein said stack comprises a plurality of perforated accelerator plates wherein the perforations of the perforated accelerator plates are aligned to form a matrix of blind holes.

A radiation latency measurement system, having a pulse detector connected to a radiation detector mounted within a phantom that is configured to be positioned within a radiation treatment system which delivers a radiation dose to the radiation detector. The pulse detector has a first circuit that applies a high voltage bias to the radiation detector and a second circuit that amplifies the voltage signal from the radiation detector with a fixed gain first amplification stage and a variable gain second amplification stage. A first comparator receives the amplified signal and generates an output signal when the amplified signal exceeds a specified voltage level and a second comparator that processes and filters the output signal. The timing of receipt of the radiation dose signal may be compared to the position of the radiation detector in order to measure a radiation dose latency of the radiation treatment system.