The invention is a gamma ray detector that locates a source, both horizontally and vertically. The detector comprises a tubular shield surrounded by scintillator panels. Gammas incident from one side can fully strike the scintillator facing the source, but are blocked from reaching the scintillators on the opposite side of the shield. The scintillator counting rates thus indicate the lateral direction of the source. By iteratively rotating toward the highest-counting scintillator, the detector converges to the source. An additional, central detector can be mounted within the tubular shield. When analyzed with the outer scintillators, the central detector determines the overall angular separation between the source and the detector axis, thereby locating the source in two dimensions automatically. The invention enables rapid detection and precise localization of clandestine nuclear and radiological weapons, despite shielding and clutter obfuscation, while quickly passing clean loads.

A direction determination device for determining a direction of a source of ionizing radiation relative to the direction determination device includes at least two radiation detection devices with longitudinally designed detection volumes, the at least two radiation detection devices are arranged at an angle relative to one another. A first radiation detection device is designed as a symmetry-maintaining angle-dependent radiation detection device. A second radiation detection device is designed as a symmetry-breaking angle-dependent radiation detection device.

A radiation measuring apparatus (20) includes a scatterer detector (10A), an absorber detector (10B) and a processing unit (12). Pixel electrodes (2) of the scatterer detector (10A) and the absorber detector (10B) are arranged such that a distance between centers of two neighbor pixel electrodes (2) is smaller than a mean free path of a recoil electron generated in the Compton scattering of an electromagnetic radiation. The processing unit (12) specifies and incidence direction of the electromagnetic radiation based on a recoiling direction to which the recoil electron recoils. In this way, an electron tracking-type Compton camera is realized which confines the incidence direction of the electromagnetic radiation by using the recoiling direction of the recoil electron in a Compton camera using a semiconductor detector.

A radiation measurement value (instantaneous measurement value) expressed by a digital value is displayed in a numeral display area of a display unit of a survey meter. A current value marker that moves in a sliding manner in the horizontal direction in accordance with the radiation measurement value is displayed in a marker display area. A history marker is displayed accompanying that current value marker. The history marker is a marker that shows the direction of change (increasing direction, decreasing direction) and extent of change of the measurement value from the past until now, and is displayed on one of one side and the other side, or both, of the current value marker. The length of the history marker shows the amount of change of the measurement value within a fixed time in the past.

The disclosure relates to a system and method for determining a working bed location. The method may include: acquire a first reference bed location relating to a bed for supporting an object; acquire a first set of reference emission data relating to photons of a first energy level originated from radiation of scintillator crystals of a plurality of detectors, the first set of reference emission data corresponding to the first reference bed location; acquire, at a working bed location relating to the bed, a set of positioning emission data relating to photons of the first energy level, wherein the set of positioning emission data relating to photons of the first energy level originated from radiation of scintillator crystals of the plurality of detectors; and determine the working bed location based on the first reference bed location, the first set of reference emission data, and the set of positioning emission data.

Disclosed is a three-dimensional radiation detection and visualization system. The three-dimensional radiation detection and visualization system includes a first sensing module including one radiation sensor, a second sensing module including one image sensor, a first supporting body in which the first sensing module and the second sensing module are coupled to one side and the other side thereof to be vertically rotated, and a second supporting body coupled with the first supporting body so that the first supporting body is vertically rotated.

In the prior art, plural detectors are arranged in order to specify the incident direction of neutron, and in principle for specifying the incident direction, the positions for arranging the detectors are predetermined or restricted, so that there is no flexibility in the arrangement. This causes large restriction on the appearance or the shape of a detector in designing, and it is difficult to adopt such a technique particularly for a wearable detector requiring a sufficient flexibility in shape to cope with the change of appearance shape. By using plural neutron detection parts set to a moderator such as a human body, a water-containing substance, polyethylene or the like, and comparing the counts at the detection parts, the direction of a neutron radiation source can be specified. In addition, since arrangement of the plural neutron detection parts is not restricted as long as the detection parts do not overlap each other when they are set to the moderator, the detection parts can be set to a flexible material such as cloth, and therefore, a sufficient flexibility in shape to cope with the change of appearance shape can be given to the detector.

An apparatus for used in a directional-neutron detector is disclosed. The apparatus comprises a structure having a plurality of parallel active channels separated by inactive regions. The plurality of active channels is filled with scintillating material. The scintillating material is configured to emit light in response to neutron scattering. The scintillating material may be neutron-gamma discriminating. The scintillating material may be sealed in the plurality of active channels. The seal is disposed on respective ends of the plurality of active channels. Directional-neutron detectors are also disclosed having the structure.

A device that detects gamma rays or neutrons, and determines their source location, comprises two scintillator panels separated by a shield barrier. Particles incident from one side can fully strike the first scintillator, but are blocked by the shield from reaching the second scintillator. Particles from the other side can reach only the second scintillator. Thus the detector indicates the left-right direction for the source location quickly, and then with further data localizes the source precisely by analysis of the two opposite scintillator count rates versus angle, using methods disclosed. The detector enables rapid inspections of vehicles and cargo containers for clandestine radiological and nuclear weapons, and sensitive localization of radioactive material in a walk-through portal application. Detectors with such capabilities are essential for stopping nuclear and radiological terrorism.

In an ionizing particle detection module, an ionizing particle traversing an ionization chamber produces a local ionization in an ionizable medium within the ionization chamber. A matrix of detection pads face the ionization chamber so that respective detection pads cover respective zones in the ionization chamber. Respective detection channels comprise respective mutually exclusive groups of detection pads. A detection channel provides an indication of a local ionization occurring somewhere within the respective zones in the ionization chamber covered by the respective detection pads of the detection channel. A cluster of detection pads is identified among the detection pads belonging to detection channels simultaneously providing indications of local ionization. A traversing point indication is provided on the basis of the cluster that has been identified if the cluster comprises a predefined minimum number of detection pads. The traversing point indication indicating where the ionizing particle has traversed the ionization chamber.