An ultrasonic sensor includes a transmission unit that is disposed on a first axis which is inclined with respect to a normal line of a surface of an object, a reception unit that is provided on a side opposite to the transmission unit of the object, on the first axis, and a transmission control unit that controls drive of the transmission unit. The transmission unit includes a plurality of transmission elements that transmit ultrasonic waves, and the plurality of transmission elements are arranged in a first direction that intersects the first axis in a plane including the normal line and the first axis. The transmission control unit delay-drives the plurality of transmission elements to align a direction of the ultrasonic wave that is transmitted from the transmission unit with the first axis.

A wave detector integrated device includes a support, protective shell and mode converter. The protective shell is installed on the support and rotates by the mode converter, and has a hollow cylindrical structure. A seismic source hammer is suspended at a protective shell central axis position. Electromagnetic accelerators are installed in a bus direction of the protective shell, and the seismic source hammer is connected with the electromagnetic accelerators. A drill bit type wireless transmission wave detector or standby flat bottom type wave detector is connected above the protective shell through a second telescopic rod having a driving device therein and driving the drill bit type wave detector to rotate. A power supply is installed inside the protective shell, and is connected with a current controller and circuit protection device. The current controller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic accelerators, drill bit type wave detector, driving device and mode converter.

A wave detector integrated device includes a support, protective shell and mode converter. The protective shell is installed on the support and rotates by the mode converter, and has a hollow cylindrical structure. A seismic source hammer is suspended at a protective shell central axis position. Electromagnetic accelerators are installed in a bus direction of the protective shell, and the seismic source hammer is connected with the electromagnetic accelerators. A drill bit type wireless transmission wave detector or standby flat bottom type wave detector is connected above the protective shell through a second telescopic rod having a driving device therein and driving the drill bit type wave detector to rotate. A power supply is installed inside the protective shell, and is connected with a current controller and circuit protection device. The current controller is respectively connected with the electromagnetic accelerators, drill bit type wave detector, driving device and mode converter.

Survey design for data acquisition using marine non-impulsive sources can include operating a first marine non-impulsive source at over a first frequency range for a first sweep length and operating a second marine non-impulsive source over a second frequency range for a second sweep length. The first sweep length can be based on available geological information of a subsurface location that is a target of a marine seismic survey, an intended speed of a marine survey vessel, and the first frequency range. The second sweep length can be based on the available geological information, the intended speed, and the second frequency range.

Survey design for data acquisition using marine non-impulsive sources can include operating a first marine non-impulsive source at over a first frequency range for a first sweep length and operating a second marine non-impulsive source over a second frequency range for a second sweep length. The first sweep length can be based on available geological information of a subsurface location that is a target of a marine seismic survey, an intended speed of a marine survey vessel, and the first frequency range. The second sweep length can be based on the available geological information, the intended speed, and the second frequency range.

Systems and methods for vibration attenuation, and for investigating a subsurface volume of interest from a borehole. System embodiments may include a vibration attenuation system, comprising: at least one vibration attenuator configured to dynamically isolate a vibration source, the at least one vibration attenuator comprising metamaterial defining a plurality of cells; wherein at least one cell of the plurality of cells comprises a plurality of sub-cells azimuthally arrayed about an axis of alignment, and at least one sub-cell of the plurality is defined by a solid, the at least one sub-cell including a plurality of cell segments substantially oriented in alignment with a mapping geometry comprising an inversion of a canonical tangent circles mapping. The vibration source may comprise an acoustic source. The system may have an enclosure having the acoustic source and the at least one receiver disposed therein, with the at least one acoustic attenuator is positioned between.

An experimental system for out-of-plane seismic performance of a masonry block wall, comprising: a static test bed (1), a lateral limiting system disposed on one side on the static test bed (1), and a transverse load system disposed on the other side on the static test bed (1), a masonry block wall to be tested (401) being disposed between the lateral limiting system and the transverse load system. The experimental system also comprises a vertical load system disposed above a wall. Also provided is an experimental method using the experimental system for out-of-plane seismic performance of a masonry block wall, on the basis of a quasi-static test method, a horizontal reciprocating actuator is used to simulate an out-of-plane seismic load action; quarter-point loading is implemented by means of a multi-stage shear stress distribution apparatus, then a force is transmitted to a second screw rod (602), and the second screw rod (602) fits an out-of-plane uniformly distributed load into four horizontally-equidistant transversely-concentrated forces and transmits same to a test piece. The present invention has the characteristics of a clear force transmission path, uniform stress distribution, high experimental precision and an accurate result, such that the study of the out-of-plane seismic performance of a component is more accurate and reliable.

An experimental system for out-of-plane seismic performance of a masonry block wall, comprising: a static test bed (1), a lateral limiting system disposed on one side on the static test bed (1), and a transverse load system disposed on the other side on the static test bed (1), a masonry block wall to be tested (401) being disposed between the lateral limiting system and the transverse load system. The experimental system also comprises a vertical load system disposed above a wall. Also provided is an experimental method using the experimental system for out-of-plane seismic performance of a masonry block wall, on the basis of a quasi-static test method, a horizontal reciprocating actuator is used to simulate an out-of-plane seismic load action; quarter-point loading is implemented by means of a multi-stage shear stress distribution apparatus, then a force is transmitted to a second screw rod (602), and the second screw rod (602) fits an out-of-plane uniformly distributed load into four horizontally-equidistant transversely-concentrated forces and transmits same to a test piece. The present invention has the characteristics of a clear force transmission path, uniform stress distribution, high experimental precision and an accurate result, such that the study of the out-of-plane seismic performance of a component is more accurate and reliable.

Methods of mapping a subterranean formation using imploding particles are described. In some cases, the particles contain a material that generated a gas which passes through a water-insoluble coating to create a void within the particle. In some aspects, the implosive particles have a coating that dissolves in the subterranean formation.

Methods of mapping a subterranean formation using imploding particles are described. In some cases, the particles contain a material that generated a gas which passes through a water-insoluble coating to create a void within the particle. In some aspects, the implosive particles have a coating that dissolves in the subterranean formation.